四、首段原則

　　首段原則應用于根據(jù)首段內(nèi)容所設(shè)置的題目，它包括兩種形式：首句原則和末句原則。

　　1.首句原則

　　回顧近幾年的考研閱讀題，細心的考生會發(fā)現(xiàn)歷年考研試卷中都有題目針對首段第一句話設(shè)問，為什么會出現(xiàn)這種情況?原因很簡單，考研閱讀所選的文章均是議論文和說明文，此類文章的文體要求在首段提出觀點、突出中心，因此第一段就好像全篇文章的一個總綱，確定了文章的主要內(nèi)容，而第一句話常常是一個自然段的主題句，首段首句自然就成為?？记冶乜嫉囊粋€考點。

　　例

　　it is said that in england death is pressing， in canada inevitable and in california optional. small wonder. americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. failing hips can be replaced， clinical depression controlled， cataracts removed in a 30_minute surgical procedure. such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when i entered medicine 50 years ago. but not even a great health_care system can cure deathand our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.

　　what is implied in the first sentence?

　　americans are better prepared for death than other people.

　　americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.

　　americans are over_confident of their medical technology.

　　americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.

　　c

　　2.末句原則

　　有時一個自然段的主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段末，因此考點也相應轉(zhuǎn)向末句。

　　例

　　technically， any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. they dont realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. this is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. the phrasesubstance abuseis often used instead ofdrug abuseto make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.

　　substance abuseis preferable todrug abusein that.

　　substance can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used

　　drug abuseis only related to a limited number or drug takers

　　alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine

　　many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous

　　四、首段原則

　　首段原則應用于根據(jù)首段內(nèi)容所設(shè)置的題目，它包括兩種形式：首句原則和末句原則。

　　1.首句原則

　　回顧近幾年的考研閱讀題，細心的考生會發(fā)現(xiàn)歷年考研試卷中都有題目針對首段第一句話設(shè)問，為什么會出現(xiàn)這種情況?原因很簡單，考研閱讀所選的文章均是議論文和說明文，此類文章的文體要求在首段提出觀點、突出中心，因此第一段就好像全篇文章的一個總綱，確定了文章的主要內(nèi)容，而第一句話常常是一個自然段的主題句，首段首句自然就成為?？记冶乜嫉囊粋€考點。

　　例

　　it is said that in england death is pressing， in canada inevitable and in california optional. small wonder. americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. failing hips can be replaced， clinical depression controlled， cataracts removed in a 30_minute surgical procedure. such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when i entered medicine 50 years ago. but not even a great health_care system can cure deathand our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.

　　what is implied in the first sentence?

　　americans are better prepared for death than other people.

　　americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.

　　americans are over_confident of their medical technology.

　　americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.

　　c

　　2.末句原則

　　有時一個自然段的主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段末，因此考點也相應轉(zhuǎn)向末句。

　　例

　　technically， any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. they dont realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. this is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. the phrasesubstance abuseis often used instead ofdrug abuseto make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.

　　substance abuseis preferable todrug abusein that.

　　substance can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used

　　drug abuseis only related to a limited number or drug takers

　　alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine

　　many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous