2023復(fù)習(xí)正在如火如荼的進(jìn)行中，考研專(zhuān)家建議可以按考研題型分別進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)，是考研英語(yǔ)中分值最高的，在線(xiàn)小編特地整理了2023理解模擬試題供大家模擬練習(xí)，希望大家認(rèn)真做題，錯(cuò)題著重看解析及譯文，經(jīng)過(guò)練習(xí)閱讀理解能力必能有所提高。 　　十九、新教育體制 　　With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment, a new conception of education began to emerge. Education was no longer a confirmation of a pre-existing status, but an instrument in the acquisition of higher status. For a new generation of upwardly mobile students, the goal of education was not to prepare them to live comfortably in the world into which they had been born, but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them into a different and better world. Education became training; and the student was no longer the gentleman-in-waiting, but the journeyman apprentice for upward mobility. 　　In the nineteenth century a college education began to be seen as a way to get ahead in the world. The founding of the land-grant colleges opened the doors of higher education to poor but aspiring boys from non-Anglo-Saxon, working-class and lower-middle-class backgrounds. The myth of the poor boy who worked his way through college to success drew millions of poor boys to the new campuses. And with this shift, education became more vocational: its object was the acquisition of practical skills and useful information. 　　For the gentleman-in-waiting, virtue consisted above all in grace and style, in doing well what was appropriate to his position; education was merely a way of acquiring polish. And vice was manifested in gracelessness, awkwardness, in behaving inappropriately, discourteously, or ostentatiously. For the apprentice, however, virtue was evidenced in success through hard work. The requisite qualities of character were not grace or style, but drive, determination, and a sharp eye for opportunity. While casual liberality and even prodigality characterized the gentleman, frugality, thrift, and self-control came to distinguish the new apprentice. And while the gentleman did not aspire to a higher station because his station was already high, the apprentice was continually becoming, striving, struggling upward. Failure for the apprentice meant standing still, not rising. 　　1.Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph? 　　[A] Democratic ideas started with education. [B] Federalists were opposed to education. 　　[C] New education helped confirm peoples social status. [D] Old education had been in tune with hierarchical society. 　　2.The difference between gentleman-in-waiting and journeyman is that _____ . 　　[A] education trained gentleman-in-waiting to climb higher ladders [B] journeyman was ready to take whatever was given to him 　　[C] gentleman-in-waiting belonged to a fixed and high social class [D] journeyman could do practically nothing without education 　　3.According to the second paragraph, land-grant College _____. 　　[A] belonged to the land-owning class [B] enlarged the scope of education 　　[C] was provided only to the poor [D] benefited all but the upper class 　　4.Which of the following was the most important for a gentleman-in-waiting? 　　[A] Manners. [B] Education. [C] Moral. [D] Personality. 　　5.The best title for the passage is _____. 　　[A] Education and Progress [B] Old and New Social Norms 　　[C] New Education: Opportunities for More [D] Demerits of Hierarchical Society 　　答案：1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 　　核心詞匯或超綱詞匯 　　extension延長(zhǎng)，擴(kuò)充;普及，推廣 　　ensue隨之發(fā)生;追求[隨] 　　confirmation證實(shí)，確認(rèn)，批準(zhǔn) 　　upward向上的;上升的;增長(zhǎng)的;upwardly在上面地，向上地 　　mobile流動(dòng)的;易變的;升降很大的 　　apprentice學(xué)徒;實(shí)習(xí)生 　　polish磨光，光澤;優(yōu)雅，精良擦亮;推敲;使完美或完善 　　ostentatious裝飾表面的;賣(mài)弄的，夸耀的;ostentateostentation 　　liberality慷慨，大方;寬大，磊落 　　全文翻譯 　　隨著19世紀(jì)上半葉民主權(quán)利的擴(kuò)展和接踵而至的聯(lián)邦體制的衰退，一種新的教育觀(guān)念開(kāi)始浮現(xiàn)出來(lái)。教育不再是對(duì)先前存在的地位的確認(rèn)，而成了獲得更高地位的工具。對(duì)于不斷進(jìn)步的新一代學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，教育的目標(biāo)不是培養(yǎng)他們?cè)谧约撼錾沫h(huán)境中舒適地生活，而是教給他們一些新的品德和技能，從而把他們推進(jìn)一個(gè)不同的更好的世界。教育變成了訓(xùn)練，學(xué)生也不再是等待的紳士，而成了一些尋求提高社會(huì)地位的職業(yè)學(xué)徒。 　　在19世紀(jì)，大學(xué)教育開(kāi)始被看成是躋身世界前列的一種手段。國(guó)家贈(zèng)予土地的大學(xué)為那些來(lái)自非盎格魯.薩克孫血統(tǒng)，工人階級(jí)以及社會(huì)中下層的貧窮而有抱負(fù)的男孩們敞開(kāi)了高等教育的大門(mén)。那些完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)而獲得成功的窮孩子的神話(huà)驅(qū)使數(shù)百萬(wàn)的窮人孩子涌入新的大學(xué)校園。隨著這種轉(zhuǎn)變，教育變得更加職業(yè)化：教育的目標(biāo)是獲取實(shí)用的技術(shù)和有用的信息。 　　對(duì)于那些準(zhǔn)紳士來(lái)說(shuō)，美德首先包括高雅的風(fēng)度和作風(fēng)，及符合自己身份地位的表現(xiàn);教育僅僅是達(dá)到優(yōu)雅的一種方式。而笨拙，粗俗，無(wú)禮，招搖等都是惡行的表現(xiàn)。而對(duì)于那些學(xué)徒來(lái)說(shuō)，美德表現(xiàn)在通過(guò)努力獲得的成功中。人物必備的品質(zhì)不是優(yōu)雅風(fēng)度而是積極，決心和尋找機(jī)會(huì)的銳利的眼光。當(dāng)懶散的自由化及至揮霍浪費(fèi)成了紳士的特色時(shí)，節(jié)儉，自制就成了新學(xué)徒的標(biāo)志。紳士的社會(huì)地位已經(jīng)很高，因此不再渴望更高的社會(huì)地位，而學(xué)徒卻一直努力地向上攀登。對(duì)于學(xué)徒來(lái)說(shuō)，原地不動(dòng)，沒(méi)有上升就意味著失敗。

　　2023復(fù)習(xí)正在如火如荼的進(jìn)行中，考研專(zhuān)家建議可以按考研題型分別進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)，是考研英語(yǔ)中分值最高的，在線(xiàn)小編特地整理了2023理解模擬試題供大家模擬練習(xí)，希望大家認(rèn)真做題，錯(cuò)題著重看解析及譯文，經(jīng)過(guò)練習(xí)閱讀理解能力必能有所提高。 　　十九、新教育體制 　　With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment, a new conception of education began to emerge. Education was no longer a confirmation of a pre-existing status, but an instrument in the acquisition of higher status. For a new generation of upwardly mobile students, the goal of education was not to prepare them to live comfortably in the world into which they had been born, but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them into a different and better world. Education became training; and the student was no longer the gentleman-in-waiting, but the journeyman apprentice for upward mobility. 　　In the nineteenth century a college education began to be seen as a way to get ahead in the world. The founding of the land-grant colleges opened the doors of higher education to poor but aspiring boys from non-Anglo-Saxon, working-class and lower-middle-class backgrounds. The myth of the poor boy who worked his way through college to success drew millions of poor boys to the new campuses. And with this shift, education became more vocational: its object was the acquisition of practical skills and useful information. 　　For the gentleman-in-waiting, virtue consisted above all in grace and style, in doing well what was appropriate to his position; education was merely a way of acquiring polish. And vice was manifested in gracelessness, awkwardness, in behaving inappropriately, discourteously, or ostentatiously. For the apprentice, however, virtue was evidenced in success through hard work. The requisite qualities of character were not grace or style, but drive, determination, and a sharp eye for opportunity. While casual liberality and even prodigality characterized the gentleman, frugality, thrift, and self-control came to distinguish the new apprentice. And while the gentleman did not aspire to a higher station because his station was already high, the apprentice was continually becoming, striving, struggling upward. Failure for the apprentice meant standing still, not rising. 　　1.Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph? 　　[A] Democratic ideas started with education. [B] Federalists were opposed to education. 　　[C] New education helped confirm peoples social status. [D] Old education had been in tune with hierarchical society. 　　2.The difference between gentleman-in-waiting and journeyman is that _____ . 　　[A] education trained gentleman-in-waiting to climb higher ladders [B] journeyman was ready to take whatever was given to him 　　[C] gentleman-in-waiting belonged to a fixed and high social class [D] journeyman could do practically nothing without education 　　3.According to the second paragraph, land-grant College _____. 　　[A] belonged to the land-owning class [B] enlarged the scope of education 　　[C] was provided only to the poor [D] benefited all but the upper class 　　4.Which of the following was the most important for a gentleman-in-waiting? 　　[A] Manners. [B] Education. [C] Moral. [D] Personality. 　　5.The best title for the passage is _____. 　　[A] Education and Progress [B] Old and New Social Norms 　　[C] New Education: Opportunities for More [D] Demerits of Hierarchical Society 　　答案：1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 　　核心詞匯或超綱詞匯 　　extension延長(zhǎng)，擴(kuò)充;普及，推廣 　　ensue隨之發(fā)生;追求[隨] 　　confirmation證實(shí)，確認(rèn)，批準(zhǔn) 　　upward向上的;上升的;增長(zhǎng)的;upwardly在上面地，向上地 　　mobile流動(dòng)的;易變的;升降很大的 　　apprentice學(xué)徒;實(shí)習(xí)生 　　polish磨光，光澤;優(yōu)雅，精良擦亮;推敲;使完美或完善 　　ostentatious裝飾表面的;賣(mài)弄的，夸耀的;ostentateostentation 　　liberality慷慨，大方;寬大，磊落 　　全文翻譯 　　隨著19世紀(jì)上半葉民主權(quán)利的擴(kuò)展和接踵而至的聯(lián)邦體制的衰退，一種新的教育觀(guān)念開(kāi)始浮現(xiàn)出來(lái)。教育不再是對(duì)先前存在的地位的確認(rèn)，而成了獲得更高地位的工具。對(duì)于不斷進(jìn)步的新一代學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，教育的目標(biāo)不是培養(yǎng)他們?cè)谧约撼錾沫h(huán)境中舒適地生活，而是教給他們一些新的品德和技能，從而把他們推進(jìn)一個(gè)不同的更好的世界。教育變成了訓(xùn)練，學(xué)生也不再是等待的紳士，而成了一些尋求提高社會(huì)地位的職業(yè)學(xué)徒。 　　在19世紀(jì)，大學(xué)教育開(kāi)始被看成是躋身世界前列的一種手段。國(guó)家贈(zèng)予土地的大學(xué)為那些來(lái)自非盎格魯.薩克孫血統(tǒng)，工人階級(jí)以及社會(huì)中下層的貧窮而有抱負(fù)的男孩們敞開(kāi)了高等教育的大門(mén)。那些完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)而獲得成功的窮孩子的神話(huà)驅(qū)使數(shù)百萬(wàn)的窮人孩子涌入新的大學(xué)校園。隨著這種轉(zhuǎn)變，教育變得更加職業(yè)化：教育的目標(biāo)是獲取實(shí)用的技術(shù)和有用的信息。 　　對(duì)于那些準(zhǔn)紳士來(lái)說(shuō)，美德首先包括高雅的風(fēng)度和作風(fēng)，及符合自己身份地位的表現(xiàn);教育僅僅是達(dá)到優(yōu)雅的一種方式。而笨拙，粗俗，無(wú)禮，招搖等都是惡行的表現(xiàn)。而對(duì)于那些學(xué)徒來(lái)說(shuō)，美德表現(xiàn)在通過(guò)努力獲得的成功中。人物必備的品質(zhì)不是優(yōu)雅風(fēng)度而是積極，決心和尋找機(jī)會(huì)的銳利的眼光。當(dāng)懶散的自由化及至揮霍浪費(fèi)成了紳士的特色時(shí)，節(jié)儉，自制就成了新學(xué)徒的標(biāo)志。紳士的社會(huì)地位已經(jīng)很高，因此不再渴望更高的社會(huì)地位，而學(xué)徒卻一直努力地向上攀登。對(duì)于學(xué)徒來(lái)說(shuō)，原地不動(dòng)，沒(méi)有上升就意味著失敗。