When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sport is much olderthan humankind, for, as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs andcats wrestle and play ball games.

　　Fishes and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable games. Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, andadult arm wrestlers are demonstrating strong, transgenerational andtransspecies bonds with the universe of animals - past, present, andfuture. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run, wrestle, mock,imitate, and laugh to the point of delighted exhaustion. Theirplay, and ours, appears to serve no other purpose than to give pleasure tothe players, and apparently, to remove us temporarily from the anguish of lifein earnest.

　　Somephilosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of ourbasic nature. In their generous conceptions, play harmlessly andexperimentally permits us to put our creative forces, fantasy, and imagination intoaction. Play is release from the tedious battles against scarcity and declinewhich are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This is agrand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim thatthe origins of our highest accomplishments - liturgy, literature, and law- canbe traced to a play impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed byyoung beasts and children. Our sports, in this rather happy, nonfatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of the nondatable,transspecies play impulse.

　　全文翻譯：體育的起源

　　體育運(yùn)動(dòng)開始于何時(shí)?如果體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的本質(zhì)就是游戲的話，我們就可以宣稱體育運(yùn)動(dòng)比人類古老，因?yàn)檎缥覀兯^察到的，野獸也進(jìn)行嬉戲。 狗和貓會(huì)扭抱玩球，魚和鳥翩翩 起舞，猿類會(huì)進(jìn)行一些簡(jiǎn)單的、愉快的游戲。

　　雀躍的幼兒，捉迷藏的學(xué)童和成年摔跤者展 示出人與動(dòng)物界的有力的跨越世代與物種的永恒的聯(lián)系--特別是幼獸，它們翻筋斗、追逐、 奔跑、扭打、模仿、嬉笑，直到愉快地精疲力盡。 他們的玩耍，同我們的一樣，似乎并沒有別的目的而只是給游戲者以愉悅，暫時(shí)把我們從嚴(yán)肅生活的痛苦中拉出來。 一些哲學(xué)家稱我們的嬉戲是我們本質(zhì)中最崇高的部分。

　　依他們這些隨意性很大的見解，游 戲無害而且實(shí)驗(yàn)性地允許我們的創(chuàng)造力、幻想和想象發(fā)揮作用。 游戲讓人們從永不間斷亦不可避免的生活悲劇-與乏匱和衰退進(jìn)行的枯燥抗?fàn)幹械玫揭环N解脫。 這是一個(gè)令人興奮、 給人啟發(fā)的偉大見解。這種見解的持有者宣稱，我們的最高成就如宗教典禮、文學(xué)、法律 的起源可以追溯到游戲的沖動(dòng)。 但令人不解的是我們看到只有幼獸和小孩子才最純粹地享受著這種沖動(dòng)。 從這種比較豁達(dá)和非宿命的人性觀來看，我們的運(yùn)動(dòng)是超時(shí)代、跨物種的 輝煌的創(chuàng)造。

　　When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sport is much olderthan humankind, for, as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs andcats wrestle and play ball games.

　　Fishes and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable games. Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, andadult arm wrestlers are demonstrating strong, transgenerational andtransspecies bonds with the universe of animals - past, present, andfuture. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run, wrestle, mock,imitate, and laugh to the point of delighted exhaustion. Theirplay, and ours, appears to serve no other purpose than to give pleasure tothe players, and apparently, to remove us temporarily from the anguish of lifein earnest.

　　Somephilosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of ourbasic nature. In their generous conceptions, play harmlessly andexperimentally permits us to put our creative forces, fantasy, and imagination intoaction. Play is release from the tedious battles against scarcity and declinewhich are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This is agrand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim thatthe origins of our highest accomplishments - liturgy, literature, and law- canbe traced to a play impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed byyoung beasts and children. Our sports, in this rather happy, nonfatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of the nondatable,transspecies play impulse.

　　全文翻譯：體育的起源

　　體育運(yùn)動(dòng)開始于何時(shí)?如果體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的本質(zhì)就是游戲的話，我們就可以宣稱體育運(yùn)動(dòng)比人類古老，因?yàn)檎缥覀兯^察到的，野獸也進(jìn)行嬉戲。 狗和貓會(huì)扭抱玩球，魚和鳥翩翩 起舞，猿類會(huì)進(jìn)行一些簡(jiǎn)單的、愉快的游戲。

　　雀躍的幼兒，捉迷藏的學(xué)童和成年摔跤者展 示出人與動(dòng)物界的有力的跨越世代與物種的永恒的聯(lián)系--特別是幼獸，它們翻筋斗、追逐、 奔跑、扭打、模仿、嬉笑，直到愉快地精疲力盡。 他們的玩耍，同我們的一樣，似乎并沒有別的目的而只是給游戲者以愉悅，暫時(shí)把我們從嚴(yán)肅生活的痛苦中拉出來。 一些哲學(xué)家稱我們的嬉戲是我們本質(zhì)中最崇高的部分。

　　依他們這些隨意性很大的見解，游 戲無害而且實(shí)驗(yàn)性地允許我們的創(chuàng)造力、幻想和想象發(fā)揮作用。 游戲讓人們從永不間斷亦不可避免的生活悲劇-與乏匱和衰退進(jìn)行的枯燥抗?fàn)幹械玫揭环N解脫。 這是一個(gè)令人興奮、 給人啟發(fā)的偉大見解。這種見解的持有者宣稱，我們的最高成就如宗教典禮、文學(xué)、法律 的起源可以追溯到游戲的沖動(dòng)。 但令人不解的是我們看到只有幼獸和小孩子才最純粹地享受著這種沖動(dòng)。 從這種比較豁達(dá)和非宿命的人性觀來看，我們的運(yùn)動(dòng)是超時(shí)代、跨物種的 輝煌的創(chuàng)造。