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2024屆牛津英語第二輪復習課件 動詞的時態和語態

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2024屆牛津英語第二輪復習課件 動詞的時態和語態

  8. — Your phone number again. I ______ quite catch it.

  — It's 4331577.

  A. didn't

  B. couldn't

  C. don't

  D. can't 【解析】選A。此題容易誤選C,認為此處要用一般現在時態,表示現在“沒聽清對方的話”。其實,答案應選A,根據上文的語境“請把你的電話號碼再說一遍好嗎?”,可知“沒聽清對方的電話號碼”應是在說此話以前,故應用一般過去時態。 9. — Please don't make a noise.

  — ______. I'll be as quiet as a mouse.

  A. Yes, I do

  B. No, I don't

  C. Yes, I will

  D. No, I won't 【解析】選D。有的同學由于受前一句don't 的影響,認為下文的答句應選A或B,這些同學主要是忽略了上文的真實語境: 上文是一個祈使句,而祈使句表示的時間應是“將來”,這從空格后的 I'll be…這個將來時態也可看出。另外,從 I'll be as quiet as a mouse 這一語境來看,此題的最佳答案應選D而不選C。No, I won't. 為 No, I won't make any noise.之省略。 10. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I ______ too busy.

  A. was

  B. had been

  C. would be

  D. would have been 【解析】選A。此題容易誤選B或D,認為前句用了had hoped,所以此句謂語要用B或D與之呼應。正確答案為A。前一句謂語用had hoped,表示的是過去未曾實現的想法或打算,可以譯為“本想”,而后一句說“我太忙”,這是陳述過去的一個事實,所以要用一般過去時。 第5講

  動詞的時態和語態

  英語中,動詞有16種時態,而湖南高考要求考生掌握10種時態,它們是:一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現在進行時、過去進行時、過去將來時、將來進行時、現在完成時、過去完成時以及現在完成進行時。 Ⅰ. 動詞的時態 考點1:一般現在時與現在進行時

  “Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say, “because every step ______.”(2024·全國新課標卷 23)

  A. has shown

  B. is showing

  C. shows

  D. showed 【解析】選 C。此處是直接引語。句子的內容是生活哲理,所以用一般現在時。句意: 奶奶過去常常說: “人生就像在雪中行走,因為每一步都看得見(留下了你的足跡)。” 考點2:現在完成時與一般過去時

  It is the most instructive lecture that I ______ since I came to this school. (2011·湖南卷30)

  A. attended

  B. had attended

  C. am attending

  D. have attended

  【解析】選D。句意:自從我來了這所學校以后,這是我聽過的最有教育意義的一場講座。這里考查了定語從句和時態兩個知識點。因為前面的謂語動詞是is,并且談論的是從過去開始持續到現在的一段時間里發生的動作,所以用現在完成時。故選D。 考點3:過去進行時與一般過去時 — That must have been a long trip.

  — Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there. (2011·北京卷27)

  A. takes

  B. has taken

  C. took

  D. was taking 【解析】選C 。 根據上句must have been可知trip發生在過去,因此第二句選用一般過去時took。句意:——那一定是一次漫長的旅行。——是啊,我們花了整整一星期才到達那兒。 考點4:過去完成時與一般過去時

  After Jack had sent some e-mails, he ______ working on his project. (2024·山東卷 28)

  A. had started

  B. has started

  C. started

  D. starts

  【解析】選 C。 根據前半句的謂語動詞用了過去完成時,可知后半句用一般過去時,這樣才能符合“過去的過去”這一條件。句意: Jack發了幾封電子郵件之后,他才開始研究他的項目。 考點5:現在完成時與現在完成進行時

  The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. (2024·全國大綱卷18)

  A. has told

  B. is telling

  C. has been telling

  D. will have told 【解析】選 C。 現在完成進行時表示: 過去某一動作從過去開始一直延續到現在,現在剛剛結束或還在進行。句意: 經理從早上9點開始就一直在不停地告訴工人們如何改進這個項目。根據句意選C。 考點6:一般將來時與將來進行時 — Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon? — I'm sorry, but by then I ______ to Beijing. How about five? (2024·陜西卷 24)

  A. fly

  B. will fly

  C. will be flying

  D. am flying

  【解析】選C。根據問句中的two o'clock和應答句中的by then可知所填詞表示的動作在將來正在進行,用將來進行時,選C。 Ⅱ. 動詞的語態 考點1:注意各種時態的被動語態形式

  They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ______.(2024·四川卷11)

  A. is being rebuilt

  B. has been rebuilt

  C. is rebuilt

  D. has rebuilt 【解析】選A。本題考查動詞的時態和語態。句意為: 他們現在暫時和父母一起居住,因為他們自己的房子正在重建。根據句意可知,應使用現在進行時,且house與動詞rebuilt之間為被動關系,故使用現在進行時態的被動語態。 考點2:“get+過去分詞”結構

  Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I ______ on Friday. (2024·遼寧卷 35)

  A. get paid

  B. got paid

  C. have paid

  D. had been paid 【解析】選A。句意: 媽媽,能否借幾美元給我,星期五發工資后還給你。until引導的時間狀語從句要用一般現在時表示將來,get paid相當于一般現在時的被動語態。 考點3:不及物動詞沒有被動語態

  Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ______. We must act immediately before there's none left. (2024·重慶卷 27)

  A. have run out

  B. are running out

  C. have been run out

  D. are being run out 【解析】選B。分析題干語境可知,食品供應即將耗盡。run out為不及物動詞短語,不能使用被動形式,由此可排除C和D兩個選項。B選項為現在進行時態,可以表示將來,符合題意。因此,正確答案為B選項。 考點4:主動表被動的若干情形 例1:— Shall we go fishing tomorrow? — Sounds great, but with so much homework ______, I really can't afford the time.

  A. done

  B. to do

  C. being done

  D. doing 【解析】選B。“with+賓語+不定式”結構中的不定式表示將來,且常用主動表被動。 考點4:主動表被動的若干情形 例2:This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (2024·遼寧卷 29)

  A. operating

  B. to be operating

  C. operated

  D. to operate 【解析】選D。在句型“主語+be+adj.+to do”中,如果這個主語是動詞do的邏輯賓語,常用主動表被動,所以選D。 考點5: 雙賓語動詞的被動語態

  She was ______ the bike for 25 dollars,but she wouldn't take it.

  A. provided

  B. supplied

  C. offered

  D. gave 【解析】選C。 offer 作“出價,開價”講,常有offer sb. money for sth.和offer sb. sth. for money兩種搭配。此處是將后者用于被動語態中。 考點6:短語動詞的被動語態 — Why does Lingling look so unhappy? — She ______ by her classmates.

  A. has laughed

  B. has laughed at

  C. has been laughed

  D. has been laughed at 【解析】選D。由by短語可知該用被動語態,即可排除A、B。laugh是不及物動詞,沒有被動語態,而laugh at是及物動詞短語,可用被動語態。 考點7:不及物動詞和有些及物動詞(短語)無被動語態

  Great changes ______ in the city and a lot of factories ______. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; are set up D. were taken place; were set up 自我評估 【解析】選B。take place 為不及物動詞短語,一般不用被動語態,即可排除A、C、D。 1. — You've left the light on.

  — Oh, so I have. ______ and turn it off.

  A. I'll go

  B. I've gone

  C. I go

  D. I'm going 易錯題筆記 【解析】選A。此題的A和D不易分清,因為兩者均可表示將來。will 和 be going to后接動詞原形均可表示意圖,但意圖有強弱之分,如果是事先考慮過的意圖,要用 be going to;如果不是事先考慮過的,而是說話時刻才臨時想到的意圖,則用 will。比較:

  — I've come out without any money.

  ——我沒帶錢出來。 — Never mind, I will lend you some.

  ——沒關系,我借給你。 (句中用will lend表示“借”錢給對方是臨時想到的,即聽了對方的話后臨時作出的反應) I've bought a typewriter and I'm going to learn to type.我買了部打字機,我想學打字。 (句中用 be going to learn to type表示說話人“學打字”是事先準備的,并為此買了臺打字機) 2. By the window sits his wife, who, dressed in black, ______ like my aunt.

  A. look

  B. looking

  C. looked

  D. looks 【解析】選D。但B和C可能被誤選。此句的基本結構是 His wife sits by the window,由于句子主語 his wife 帶有較復雜的修飾語,所以采用了倒裝語序(By the window sits his wife…)。who, dressed in black, ______like my aunt是定語從句,其中dressed in black是插入語,故應填looks作定語從句的謂語。 3. The bridge, which ______ 1688, needs repairing.

  A. is dated from

  B. was dated from

  C. dates from

  D. dated from 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選B或D,認為句中用了 1688 這個過去時間,所以應選過去時態,又因為 date from 不用于被動語態,所以只能選D。其實此題的最佳答案應是C,因為 date from 的意思是“自某時起存在至今(=have existed since)”,它通常用于一般現在時,而不用于過去時態(盡管其后接的是表示過去的時間),除非所談論的東西現在已不復存在,如: The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. (那座教堂是13世紀建成的,兩年前在一次地震中被毀了。)(注意: 與 date from 同義的 date back to 也有類似用法。)

  4. — Do you like the material?

  — Yes, it ______ very soft.

  A. is feeling

  B. felt

  C. feels

  D. is felt 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選D,認為應用被動語態。其實,此題正確答案為C,因為 feel 在此為連系動詞,不能用于被動語態。

  6. — He will come tomorrow.

  — But I'd rather he ______ the day after tomorrow.

  A. will come

  B. is coming

  C. came

  D. had come 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選A或B,因為上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的時間狀語 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白處應用一般將來時態。但實際上此題的最佳答案是 C,這與 would rather 的用法有關。按照英語習慣,would rather 后接that 從句時,其謂語的時態規律是: 用過去時表示現在或將來,用過去完成時表示過去。又如:

  I'd rather you went home now.

  我寧愿你現在就回家。 I'd rather you hadn't done that.

  我真希望你沒有做過那件事。 “I've told him about it.” “But I'd rather you hadn't.” “我把這件事告訴他了。”“但我倒寧愿你沒有告訴他。” “He will take you as well.” “But I'd rather he didn't.” “他將把你也帶上。”“但我倒寧愿不要帶我去。” 7. Mr. Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished it.

  A. has written

  B. wrote

  C. had written

  D. was writing 【解析】選D。這是由 but I don't know whether he has finished it 這一句話的語境決定的,全句意為“史密斯先生去年在寫一本書,但我不知道他現在是否寫完了”。有的同學可能由于受 last year的影響而誤選B。但若選B,則句子前半部分的意思則為“史密斯先生去年寫了一本書”,既然是“寫了”,那么這與下文的“但我不知道他現在是否寫完了”相矛盾。

  8. — Your phone number again. I ______ quite catch it.

  — It's 4331577.

  A. didn't

  B. couldn't

  C. don't

  D. can't 【解析】選A。此題容易誤選C,認為此處要用一般現在時態,表示現在“沒聽清對方的話”。其實,答案應選A,根據上文的語境“請把你的電話號碼再說一遍好嗎?”,可知“沒聽清對方的電話號碼”應是在說此話以前,故應用一般過去時態。 9. — Please don't make a noise.

  — ______. I'll be as quiet as a mouse.

  A. Yes, I do

  B. No, I don't

  C. Yes, I will

  D. No, I won't 【解析】選D。有的同學由于受前一句don't 的影響,認為下文的答句應選A或B,這些同學主要是忽略了上文的真實語境: 上文是一個祈使句,而祈使句表示的時間應是“將來”,這從空格后的 I'll be…這個將來時態也可看出。另外,從 I'll be as quiet as a mouse 這一語境來看,此題的最佳答案應選D而不選C。No, I won't. 為 No, I won't make any noise.之省略。 10. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I ______ too busy.

  A. was

  B. had been

  C. would be

  D. would have been 【解析】選A。此題容易誤選B或D,認為前句用了had hoped,所以此句謂語要用B或D與之呼應。正確答案為A。前一句謂語用had hoped,表示的是過去未曾實現的想法或打算,可以譯為“本想”,而后一句說“我太忙”,這是陳述過去的一個事實,所以要用一般過去時。 第5講

  動詞的時態和語態

  英語中,動詞有16種時態,而湖南高考要求考生掌握10種時態,它們是:一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現在進行時、過去進行時、過去將來時、將來進行時、現在完成時、過去完成時以及現在完成進行時。 Ⅰ. 動詞的時態 考點1:一般現在時與現在進行時

  “Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say, “because every step ______.”(2024·全國新課標卷 23)

  A. has shown

  B. is showing

  C. shows

  D. showed 【解析】選 C。此處是直接引語。句子的內容是生活哲理,所以用一般現在時。句意: 奶奶過去常常說: “人生就像在雪中行走,因為每一步都看得見(留下了你的足跡)。” 考點2:現在完成時與一般過去時

  It is the most instructive lecture that I ______ since I came to this school. (2011·湖南卷30)

  A. attended

  B. had attended

  C. am attending

  D. have attended

  【解析】選D。句意:自從我來了這所學校以后,這是我聽過的最有教育意義的一場講座。這里考查了定語從句和時態兩個知識點。因為前面的謂語動詞是is,并且談論的是從過去開始持續到現在的一段時間里發生的動作,所以用現在完成時。故選D。 考點3:過去進行時與一般過去時 — That must have been a long trip.

  — Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there. (2011·北京卷27)

  A. takes

  B. has taken

  C. took

  D. was taking 【解析】選C 。 根據上句must have been可知trip發生在過去,因此第二句選用一般過去時took。句意:——那一定是一次漫長的旅行。——是啊,我們花了整整一星期才到達那兒。 考點4:過去完成時與一般過去時

  After Jack had sent some e-mails, he ______ working on his project. (2024·山東卷 28)

  A. had started

  B. has started

  C. started

  D. starts

  【解析】選 C。 根據前半句的謂語動詞用了過去完成時,可知后半句用一般過去時,這樣才能符合“過去的過去”這一條件。句意: Jack發了幾封電子郵件之后,他才開始研究他的項目。 考點5:現在完成時與現在完成進行時

  The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. (2024·全國大綱卷18)

  A. has told

  B. is telling

  C. has been telling

  D. will have told 【解析】選 C。 現在完成進行時表示: 過去某一動作從過去開始一直延續到現在,現在剛剛結束或還在進行。句意: 經理從早上9點開始就一直在不停地告訴工人們如何改進這個項目。根據句意選C。 考點6:一般將來時與將來進行時 — Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon? — I'm sorry, but by then I ______ to Beijing. How about five? (2024·陜西卷 24)

  A. fly

  B. will fly

  C. will be flying

  D. am flying

  【解析】選C。根據問句中的two o'clock和應答句中的by then可知所填詞表示的動作在將來正在進行,用將來進行時,選C。 Ⅱ. 動詞的語態 考點1:注意各種時態的被動語態形式

  They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ______.(2024·四川卷11)

  A. is being rebuilt

  B. has been rebuilt

  C. is rebuilt

  D. has rebuilt 【解析】選A。本題考查動詞的時態和語態。句意為: 他們現在暫時和父母一起居住,因為他們自己的房子正在重建。根據句意可知,應使用現在進行時,且house與動詞rebuilt之間為被動關系,故使用現在進行時態的被動語態。 考點2:“get+過去分詞”結構

  Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I ______ on Friday. (2024·遼寧卷 35)

  A. get paid

  B. got paid

  C. have paid

  D. had been paid 【解析】選A。句意: 媽媽,能否借幾美元給我,星期五發工資后還給你。until引導的時間狀語從句要用一般現在時表示將來,get paid相當于一般現在時的被動語態。 考點3:不及物動詞沒有被動語態

  Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ______. We must act immediately before there's none left. (2024·重慶卷 27)

  A. have run out

  B. are running out

  C. have been run out

  D. are being run out 【解析】選B。分析題干語境可知,食品供應即將耗盡。run out為不及物動詞短語,不能使用被動形式,由此可排除C和D兩個選項。B選項為現在進行時態,可以表示將來,符合題意。因此,正確答案為B選項。 考點4:主動表被動的若干情形 例1:— Shall we go fishing tomorrow? — Sounds great, but with so much homework ______, I really can't afford the time.

  A. done

  B. to do

  C. being done

  D. doing 【解析】選B。“with+賓語+不定式”結構中的不定式表示將來,且常用主動表被動。 考點4:主動表被動的若干情形 例2:This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (2024·遼寧卷 29)

  A. operating

  B. to be operating

  C. operated

  D. to operate 【解析】選D。在句型“主語+be+adj.+to do”中,如果這個主語是動詞do的邏輯賓語,常用主動表被動,所以選D。 考點5: 雙賓語動詞的被動語態

  She was ______ the bike for 25 dollars,but she wouldn't take it.

  A. provided

  B. supplied

  C. offered

  D. gave 【解析】選C。 offer 作“出價,開價”講,常有offer sb. money for sth.和offer sb. sth. for money兩種搭配。此處是將后者用于被動語態中。 考點6:短語動詞的被動語態 — Why does Lingling look so unhappy? — She ______ by her classmates.

  A. has laughed

  B. has laughed at

  C. has been laughed

  D. has been laughed at 【解析】選D。由by短語可知該用被動語態,即可排除A、B。laugh是不及物動詞,沒有被動語態,而laugh at是及物動詞短語,可用被動語態。 考點7:不及物動詞和有些及物動詞(短語)無被動語態

  Great changes ______ in the city and a lot of factories ______. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; are set up D. were taken place; were set up 自我評估 【解析】選B。take place 為不及物動詞短語,一般不用被動語態,即可排除A、C、D。 1. — You've left the light on.

  — Oh, so I have. ______ and turn it off.

  A. I'll go

  B. I've gone

  C. I go

  D. I'm going 易錯題筆記 【解析】選A。此題的A和D不易分清,因為兩者均可表示將來。will 和 be going to后接動詞原形均可表示意圖,但意圖有強弱之分,如果是事先考慮過的意圖,要用 be going to;如果不是事先考慮過的,而是說話時刻才臨時想到的意圖,則用 will。比較:

  — I've come out without any money.

  ——我沒帶錢出來。 — Never mind, I will lend you some.

  ——沒關系,我借給你。 (句中用will lend表示“借”錢給對方是臨時想到的,即聽了對方的話后臨時作出的反應) I've bought a typewriter and I'm going to learn to type.我買了部打字機,我想學打字。 (句中用 be going to learn to type表示說話人“學打字”是事先準備的,并為此買了臺打字機) 2. By the window sits his wife, who, dressed in black, ______ like my aunt.

  A. look

  B. looking

  C. looked

  D. looks 【解析】選D。但B和C可能被誤選。此句的基本結構是 His wife sits by the window,由于句子主語 his wife 帶有較復雜的修飾語,所以采用了倒裝語序(By the window sits his wife…)。who, dressed in black, ______like my aunt是定語從句,其中dressed in black是插入語,故應填looks作定語從句的謂語。 3. The bridge, which ______ 1688, needs repairing.

  A. is dated from

  B. was dated from

  C. dates from

  D. dated from 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選B或D,認為句中用了 1688 這個過去時間,所以應選過去時態,又因為 date from 不用于被動語態,所以只能選D。其實此題的最佳答案應是C,因為 date from 的意思是“自某時起存在至今(=have existed since)”,它通常用于一般現在時,而不用于過去時態(盡管其后接的是表示過去的時間),除非所談論的東西現在已不復存在,如: The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. (那座教堂是13世紀建成的,兩年前在一次地震中被毀了。)(注意: 與 date from 同義的 date back to 也有類似用法。)

  4. — Do you like the material?

  — Yes, it ______ very soft.

  A. is feeling

  B. felt

  C. feels

  D. is felt 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選D,認為應用被動語態。其實,此題正確答案為C,因為 feel 在此為連系動詞,不能用于被動語態。

  6. — He will come tomorrow.

  — But I'd rather he ______ the day after tomorrow.

  A. will come

  B. is coming

  C. came

  D. had come 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選A或B,因為上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的時間狀語 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白處應用一般將來時態。但實際上此題的最佳答案是 C,這與 would rather 的用法有關。按照英語習慣,would rather 后接that 從句時,其謂語的時態規律是: 用過去時表示現在或將來,用過去完成時表示過去。又如:

  I'd rather you went home now.

  我寧愿你現在就回家。 I'd rather you hadn't done that.

  我真希望你沒有做過那件事。 “I've told him about it.” “But I'd rather you hadn't.” “我把這件事告訴他了。”“但我倒寧愿你沒有告訴他。” “He will take you as well.” “But I'd rather he didn't.” “他將把你也帶上。”“但我倒寧愿不要帶我去。” 7. Mr. Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished it.

  A. has written

  B. wrote

  C. had written

  D. was writing 【解析】選D。這是由 but I don't know whether he has finished it 這一句話的語境決定的,全句意為“史密斯先生去年在寫一本書,但我不知道他現在是否寫完了”。有的同學可能由于受 last year的影響而誤選B。但若選B,則句子前半部分的意思則為“史密斯先生去年寫了一本書”,既然是“寫了”,那么這與下文的“但我不知道他現在是否寫完了”相矛盾。

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