2024高考英語(yǔ)考綱解讀及熱點(diǎn)演練：2 冠詞
冠詞的考查幾乎每年都有一兩道題，而且基本都設(shè)兩空。一般情況下，試題的情景較為曲折，句式以復(fù)合句為主。另外，在短文改錯(cuò)和語(yǔ)法填空中也常常涉及冠詞的考查。考查要點(diǎn)主要包括：
1．考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的基本用法。
2．考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的特殊用法。抽象名詞具體化前冠詞的使用情況、比較級(jí)前冠詞的使用情況。
3．考查冠詞的泛指、特指、類指和專指用法。
4．考查零冠詞的運(yùn)用。另外，還涉及很多冠詞與名詞的固定搭配。
復(fù)習(xí)冠詞須把握好以下三個(gè)原則：
(1)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用不定冠詞a/an表示泛指；
(2)復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)，其前不加冠詞；
(3)無(wú)論可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，表示特指時(shí)，其前都要加定冠詞the。
2024年高考將繼續(xù)把冠詞的基本用法作為考查重點(diǎn)，而冠詞的活用仍會(huì)成為2024年高考考查的難點(diǎn)。
一定冠詞
1．表示特指。
Pass me the magazine on the desk.
請(qǐng)把桌上的雜志遞給我。
二不定冠詞
3．用于具體化了的抽象名詞前。
He was a success in business.
他是事業(yè)成功人士。
三零冠詞
1．用于表示泛指或一般意義的物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、專有名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞等之前。
Knowledge begins with practice.
知識(shí)從實(shí)踐開(kāi)始。
Teachers should be respected.
教師應(yīng)該受到尊重。
2．東、西方都有的節(jié)日名稱前不用冠詞，如：New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等；但中國(guó)的節(jié)日一般用定冠詞，如：the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival等。
3．月份、日期前一般不用冠詞，如：in October, on March 8等。
4．三餐名詞前不用冠詞，如：have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。
但有定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)需加不定冠詞，如：have a big breakfast，have a wonderful lunch等。
5．表示體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前不用冠詞，如：play football/cards/chess等；但樂(lè)器名詞前需加定冠詞，如：play the violin/the piano等。
6．用于作表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)的唯一職位名詞前。
John is captain of the team.
約翰是這個(gè)隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。
They elected him president of the society.
他們選他為協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)。
7．用于表示“變成”的turn后、作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)名詞前。
He was a teacher before he turned writer.
他成為作家之前是教師。
10．用于某些獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中。
The teacher came in, book in hand (＝with a book in his hand)．
老師走了進(jìn)來(lái)，手里拿著書(shū)。
四冠詞在固定搭配中的用法
1．用在表示計(jì)量的名詞前，如by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等，但是如果表示單位的名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，之前不用冠詞，如by weight, by height等。
2．在句型“動(dòng)詞＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋身體某部位”中的the不可用人稱代詞替代。
take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂
hit sb. in the face 打某人的臉
此外，在be red in the face (臉紅), be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸)等結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞前要用the。
3．用于某些習(xí)慣用法，如have a look, play a trick on, in a hurry, at a loss (茫然，不知所措)等。
4．有些習(xí)語(yǔ)中有無(wú)冠詞意義完全不同。如：
1．(2024·福建，21)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's well－being and ________ dream of harmony，peace and development.A．the；a
B．a(chǎn)；a
C．a(chǎn)；the
D．the；the
2．(2024·江西，32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.
A．a(chǎn)；/
B．the；the
C．a(chǎn)；the
D．/；/
【答案】A
3．(2024·山東，22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky.
A．/；a
B．a(chǎn)；the
C．the；a
D．the；/
4．(2024·江西，19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.
A．the；a
B．a(chǎn)；/
C．/；the
D．the；the
5．(2024·浙江，15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.
A．a(chǎn)；an
B．a(chǎn)；/
C．/；the
D．the；an
6．(2024·重慶，32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.
A．a(chǎn)；/
B．the; /
C．the; an
D．a(chǎn); an
【例1】 We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.
A．a(chǎn)； a
B．a(chǎn)；the
C．the；a
D．the；the
【例2】 It is generally accepted that ________ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________ man.
A．a(chǎn)；a
B．a(chǎn)；the
C．the；the
D．a(chǎn)；/
【例3】 First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.
A．a(chǎn)；the
B．the；the
C．a(chǎn)；a
D．the；a
【例4】 Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.
A．the；the
B．a(chǎn)；a
C．a(chǎn)；/
D．/；a
不定冠詞的用法
泛指單數(shù)和首提，某個(gè)/每個(gè)/又一個(gè)；
物質(zhì)名詞具體化，相同還是抽象詞；
三餐四季有修飾，感嘆句中有名單。
①泛指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前和首次提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前；
②表示又一個(gè)，某一個(gè)(a second；a certain...)
③具體化的物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前(a success，a surprise...)
④有修飾詞的三餐和四季前(a wonderful supper，a warm winter)
⑤感嘆句中有單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。(How lovely a girl！)
【例5】 As is known to all, ________ People's Republic of China is ________ biggest developing country in the world.
A．the；/
B．/；the
C．the；the
D．/；/
【例6】 —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
—It is not your fault.With ________ rush－h(huán)our traffic and ________ heavy rain，it is no wonder you were late.
A．a(chǎn)；a
B．the；the
C．/；/
D．/；a
【例7】 What I need is ______ book that contains ________ ABC of oil painting.
A．a(chǎn)；/
B．the；/
C．the；an
D．a(chǎn)；the
【例8】 The biggest whale is ________ blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ________ 9－story building.
A．the；the
B．a(chǎn)；a
C．a(chǎn)；the
D．the；a
定冠詞的用法
特指雙熟悉，上文已提及；
世上獨(dú)無(wú)二，序數(shù)最高級(jí)；
某些專有名，習(xí)語(yǔ)和樂(lè)器。
①特指某些人或事物；②談話雙方都熟悉的人或事物；③上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物；④世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前；⑤序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)前；⑥某些專有名詞前；⑦一些習(xí)慣短語(yǔ)(如in the day等)中和西洋樂(lè)器名詞前(如：play the piano)
【例】 Sam has been appointed ________ manager of the engineering department to take ________ place of George.
A．/；/
B．the；/
C．the；the
D．/；the
【例】 Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in ________ weather around the world.
A．/；the
B．the；/
C．a(chǎn)n；the
D．the；a
【例】 It's ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.
A．/；a
B．a(chǎn)； /
C．the；a
D．a(chǎn)；the
【例】 Many lifestyle patterns do such ________ great harm to health that they actually speed up ________ weakening of the human body.
A．a(chǎn)；/
B．/；the
C．a(chǎn)；the
D．/；/
不用冠詞的情況口訣
下列情況應(yīng)免冠，代詞限定名詞前：
專有名詞表泛指，學(xué)科球類三餐前；
復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，兩節(jié)星期月份前；
顏色語(yǔ)種和國(guó)名，稱呼習(xí)語(yǔ)及頭銜。
以上口訣主要概括了一般應(yīng)對(duì)“免冠”的幾種情況，即：
①名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)的this，that，some，my等限定詞；
②泛指的專有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前；
③表示學(xué)科的(如English，maths，physics)等名詞前；
④球類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前及三餐總稱前；
⑤復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指(一類人或事物)時(shí)；
⑥節(jié)日、季節(jié)、星期、月份前；
⑦表示顏色(如：It's red/yellow)、語(yǔ)種(如：speak English/Japanese)和國(guó)家的非全稱名詞(如：We live in China.They come from America.)前；
1． ________ M(m)oney plays an important role in ________ material world.But you can't expect it to give you real happiness.A．A；the
B．/；a
C．/；the
D．The，the
2． My friend's birthday is coming soon.I would like to go to ________ store，or some places close by to buy him ________ present.
A．the；the
B．a(chǎn)；the
C．/；a
D．the；a
3．— How did you do in your essay?
—I got ________ okay grade，but Mr.Jones gave Sarah top marks.She's ________ teacher's pet，you know.
A．/；a
B．a(chǎn)n；/
C．/；the
D．a(chǎn)n；a
4．It is said that ________ wool produced in Australia is of ________ high quality.
A．/；/
B．the；/
C．the；a
D．the；the
5．—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?
—________ younger one.He is ________ most humorous man.
A．A；a
B．A；the
C．The；a
D．The；/
6．I don't know who invented ________ iphone，but I think it is ________ useful invention.
A．the；a
B．the；the
C．a(chǎn)n；the
D．a(chǎn)n；a
7． Keeping a diary is ________ good habit，by which you'll make ________ great progress in writing.
A．a(chǎn)；a
B．a(chǎn)；/
C．the；a
D．the；/
8．—Have you seen ________ pen？I left it here this morning.
—Is it ________ black one？I found it in the corner.
A．a(chǎn)；the
B．the；the
C．a(chǎn)；a
D．the；a
9． The operation is ________ success and the patient is now out of ________ danger.
A．a(chǎn)；the
B．a(chǎn)；/
C．/；the
D．/；/
10． As ________ unemployment is very high at the moment，it's very difficult for people to find ________ work.
A．the；/
B．/；/
C．the；a
D．a(chǎn)n；the
冠詞的考查幾乎每年都有一兩道題，而且基本都設(shè)兩空。一般情況下，試題的情景較為曲折，句式以復(fù)合句為主。另外，在短文改錯(cuò)和語(yǔ)法填空中也常常涉及冠詞的考查。考查要點(diǎn)主要包括：
1．考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的基本用法。
2．考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的特殊用法。抽象名詞具體化前冠詞的使用情況、比較級(jí)前冠詞的使用情況。
3．考查冠詞的泛指、特指、類指和專指用法。
4．考查零冠詞的運(yùn)用。另外，還涉及很多冠詞與名詞的固定搭配。
復(fù)習(xí)冠詞須把握好以下三個(gè)原則：
(1)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用不定冠詞a/an表示泛指；
(2)復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)，其前不加冠詞；
(3)無(wú)論可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，表示特指時(shí)，其前都要加定冠詞the。
2024年高考將繼續(xù)把冠詞的基本用法作為考查重點(diǎn)，而冠詞的活用仍會(huì)成為2024年高考考查的難點(diǎn)。
一定冠詞
1．表示特指。
Pass me the magazine on the desk.
請(qǐng)把桌上的雜志遞給我。
二不定冠詞
3．用于具體化了的抽象名詞前。
He was a success in business.
他是事業(yè)成功人士。
三零冠詞
1．用于表示泛指或一般意義的物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、專有名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞等之前。
Knowledge begins with practice.
知識(shí)從實(shí)踐開(kāi)始。
Teachers should be respected.
教師應(yīng)該受到尊重。
2．東、西方都有的節(jié)日名稱前不用冠詞，如：New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等；但中國(guó)的節(jié)日一般用定冠詞，如：the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival等。
3．月份、日期前一般不用冠詞，如：in October, on March 8等。
4．三餐名詞前不用冠詞，如：have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。
但有定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)需加不定冠詞，如：have a big breakfast，have a wonderful lunch等。
5．表示體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前不用冠詞，如：play football/cards/chess等；但樂(lè)器名詞前需加定冠詞，如：play the violin/the piano等。
6．用于作表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)的唯一職位名詞前。
John is captain of the team.
約翰是這個(gè)隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。
They elected him president of the society.
他們選他為協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)。
7．用于表示“變成”的turn后、作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)名詞前。
He was a teacher before he turned writer.
他成為作家之前是教師。
10．用于某些獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中。
The teacher came in, book in hand (＝with a book in his hand)．
老師走了進(jìn)來(lái)，手里拿著書(shū)。
四冠詞在固定搭配中的用法
1．用在表示計(jì)量的名詞前，如by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等，但是如果表示單位的名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，之前不用冠詞，如by weight, by height等。
2．在句型“動(dòng)詞＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋身體某部位”中的the不可用人稱代詞替代。
take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂
hit sb. in the face 打某人的臉
此外，在be red in the face (臉紅), be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸)等結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞前要用the。
3．用于某些習(xí)慣用法，如have a look, play a trick on, in a hurry, at a loss (茫然，不知所措)等。
4．有些習(xí)語(yǔ)中有無(wú)冠詞意義完全不同。如：
1．(2024·福建，21)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's well－being and ________ dream of harmony，peace and development.A．the；a
B．a(chǎn)；a
C．a(chǎn)；the
D．the；the
2．(2024·江西，32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.
A．a(chǎn)；/
B．the；the
C．a(chǎn)；the
D．/；/
【答案】A
3．(2024·山東，22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky.
A．/；a
B．a(chǎn)；the
C．the；a
D．the；/
4．(2024·江西，19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.
A．the；a
B．a(chǎn)；/
C．/；the
D．the；the
5．(2024·浙江，15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.
A．a(chǎn)；an
B．a(chǎn)；/
C．/；the
D．the；an
6．(2024·重慶，32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.
A．a(chǎn)；/
B．the; /
C．the; an
D．a(chǎn); an
【例1】 We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.
A．a(chǎn)； a
B．a(chǎn)；the
C．the；a
D．the；the
【例2】 It is generally accepted that ________ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________ man.
A．a(chǎn)；a
B．a(chǎn)；the
C．the；the
D．a(chǎn)；/
【例3】 First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.
A．a(chǎn)；the
B．the；the
C．a(chǎn)；a
D．the；a
【例4】 Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.
A．the；the
B．a(chǎn)；a
C．a(chǎn)；/
D．/；a
不定冠詞的用法
泛指單數(shù)和首提，某個(gè)/每個(gè)/又一個(gè)；
物質(zhì)名詞具體化，相同還是抽象詞；
三餐四季有修飾，感嘆句中有名單。
①泛指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前和首次提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前；
②表示又一個(gè)，某一個(gè)(a second；a certain...)
③具體化的物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前(a success，a surprise...)
④有修飾詞的三餐和四季前(a wonderful supper，a warm winter)
⑤感嘆句中有單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。(How lovely a girl！)
【例5】 As is known to all, ________ People's Republic of China is ________ biggest developing country in the world.
A．the；/
B．/；the
C．the；the
D．/；/
【例6】 —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
—It is not your fault.With ________ rush－h(huán)our traffic and ________ heavy rain，it is no wonder you were late.
A．a(chǎn)；a
B．the；the
C．/；/
D．/；a
【例7】 What I need is ______ book that contains ________ ABC of oil painting.
A．a(chǎn)；/
B．the；/
C．the；an
D．a(chǎn)；the
【例8】 The biggest whale is ________ blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ________ 9－story building.
A．the；the
B．a(chǎn)；a
C．a(chǎn)；the
D．the；a
定冠詞的用法
特指雙熟悉，上文已提及；
世上獨(dú)無(wú)二，序數(shù)最高級(jí)；
某些專有名，習(xí)語(yǔ)和樂(lè)器。
①特指某些人或事物；②談話雙方都熟悉的人或事物；③上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物；④世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前；⑤序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)前；⑥某些專有名詞前；⑦一些習(xí)慣短語(yǔ)(如in the day等)中和西洋樂(lè)器名詞前(如：play the piano)
【例】 Sam has been appointed ________ manager of the engineering department to take ________ place of George.
A．/；/
B．the；/
C．the；the
D．/；the
【例】 Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in ________ weather around the world.
A．/；the
B．the；/
C．a(chǎn)n；the
D．the；a
【例】 It's ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.
A．/；a
B．a(chǎn)； /
C．the；a
D．a(chǎn)；the
【例】 Many lifestyle patterns do such ________ great harm to health that they actually speed up ________ weakening of the human body.
A．a(chǎn)；/
B．/；the
C．a(chǎn)；the
D．/；/
不用冠詞的情況口訣
下列情況應(yīng)免冠，代詞限定名詞前：
專有名詞表泛指，學(xué)科球類三餐前；
復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，兩節(jié)星期月份前；
顏色語(yǔ)種和國(guó)名，稱呼習(xí)語(yǔ)及頭銜。
以上口訣主要概括了一般應(yīng)對(duì)“免冠”的幾種情況，即：
①名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)的this，that，some，my等限定詞；
②泛指的專有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前；
③表示學(xué)科的(如English，maths，physics)等名詞前；
④球類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前及三餐總稱前；
⑤復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指(一類人或事物)時(shí)；
⑥節(jié)日、季節(jié)、星期、月份前；
⑦表示顏色(如：It's red/yellow)、語(yǔ)種(如：speak English/Japanese)和國(guó)家的非全稱名詞(如：We live in China.They come from America.)前；
1． ________ M(m)oney plays an important role in ________ material world.But you can't expect it to give you real happiness.A．A；the
B．/；a
C．/；the
D．The，the
2． My friend's birthday is coming soon.I would like to go to ________ store，or some places close by to buy him ________ present.
A．the；the
B．a(chǎn)；the
C．/；a
D．the；a
3．— How did you do in your essay?
—I got ________ okay grade，but Mr.Jones gave Sarah top marks.She's ________ teacher's pet，you know.
A．/；a
B．a(chǎn)n；/
C．/；the
D．a(chǎn)n；a
4．It is said that ________ wool produced in Australia is of ________ high quality.
A．/；/
B．the；/
C．the；a
D．the；the
5．—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?
—________ younger one.He is ________ most humorous man.
A．A；a
B．A；the
C．The；a
D．The；/
6．I don't know who invented ________ iphone，but I think it is ________ useful invention.
A．the；a
B．the；the
C．a(chǎn)n；the
D．a(chǎn)n；a
7． Keeping a diary is ________ good habit，by which you'll make ________ great progress in writing.
A．a(chǎn)；a
B．a(chǎn)；/
C．the；a
D．the；/
8．—Have you seen ________ pen？I left it here this morning.
—Is it ________ black one？I found it in the corner.
A．a(chǎn)；the
B．the；the
C．a(chǎn)；a
D．the；a
9． The operation is ________ success and the patient is now out of ________ danger.
A．a(chǎn)；the
B．a(chǎn)；/
C．/；the
D．/；/
10． As ________ unemployment is very high at the moment，it's very difficult for people to find ________ work.
A．the；/
B．/；/
C．the；a
D．a(chǎn)n；the
