選修8 Unit 1（1）

　　Unit 1　A land of diversity　

　　1．means(n.)手法；方法

　　2．boom(n.)(人口、貿(mào)易的)繁榮

　　(vi.)處于經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展時期

　　3．customs(n.)海關(guān)；關(guān)稅；進(jìn)口稅

　　4．occur(vi.)發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)

　　5．slip(vi.)滑動；滑行；滑跤

　　(n.)滑動；滑倒

　　6．hire(vt.& n．)租用；雇用

　　7．nowhere (adv.)無處；到處都無

　　8．reform(vt.& vi.)改革；革新

　　　(n.)改革；改造；改良

　　9．grasp(vt.& n．)抓住；抓緊；掌握；領(lǐng)會

　　10．distinct(adj.)清晰的；明顯的；明確的→distinction(n.)差別；區(qū)分；卓著

　　11．majority(n.)大多數(shù)；大半→minority(n.)少數(shù)

　　12．elect(vt.)選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人→election(n.)選舉

　　13．a(chǎn)pplicant(n.)申請人→apply(v.)申請→application(n.)申請

　　14．indicate(vt.)指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示→indication(n.)跡象→indicator(n.)指示器；指示物

　　15．a(chǎn)pparent(adj.)顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的→apparently(adv.)顯然地；顯而易見地

　　16．punishment (n.)懲罰；處罰→punish (v.)懲罰；處罰

　　1． live_on　繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存

　　2．by_means_of...用……辦法；借助……

　　3．make_a_life習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等

　　4．keep_up堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)

　　5．team_up_with與……合作或一起工作

　　6．mark_out畫線；標(biāo)出……界線

　　7．take_in包括；吸收

　　8．a(chǎn)_great/good_many許多；很多

　　9．a(chǎn)pply_for申請；請示得到

　　10．in_addition另外

　　1．However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，可能美洲土著人至少一萬五千年前就生活在加利福尼亞。

　　名師指津：it is likely that...有可能……

　　例句仿寫：據(jù)我可知，投票數(shù)很有可能必須重新計(jì)算。

　　As far as I know，it_is_likely_that the votes will have to be counted again.

　　2．It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人們認(rèn)為，要不了多久，多種國籍的混合將會非常之大，以至于不可能存在一種明顯主要的種族或文化群體，而只是多種族、多文化的混合體。

　　名師指津：it is believed that...意為“人們認(rèn)為/相信……”，其構(gòu)成為：it＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句。

　　例句仿寫：人們認(rèn)為溫室氣體是全球氣溫升高的主因。

　　It_is_believed_that greenhouse gases are the main causes of global warming.

　　3．Built in 1873，the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie，who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams.

　　纜車系統(tǒng)建立于1873年，是由安德魯·哈利迪發(fā)明的，他想找到一種比馬拉軌道車更好的交通方式。

　　名師指津：built in 1873為過去分詞短語作時間狀語。

　　例句仿寫：給予更多的關(guān)心和教導(dǎo)，這個孩子可能成為一名音樂家。

　　_Given_more_attention_and_instruction，the child is likely to grow into a musician.

　　4．That’s why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.

　　這就是今天有超過40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語作為第一或第二語言的原因。majority n．大多數(shù)；大半

　　(牛津P1220)The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking.

　　大多數(shù)人支持禁煙。

　　(1)

　　(2)

　　(3)major in主修……

　　With the prices going up，the majority of people find_it_hard_to_live_on the amount of money they get.

　　隨著物價的上漲，大多數(shù)人覺得靠他們掙的錢很難生活。

　　Among the members of the committee those who are in favour of the plan are in the majority.委員中贊成這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的占大多數(shù)。

　　(1)單獨(dú)用作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)均可。

　　(2)The majority of

　　The majority were/was against the plan，which made me upset.

　　大多數(shù)人反對這個計(jì)劃，這使我傷心。

　　The murder shocked the Americans，the_majority_of_whom are peace-loving and non-violent.這一謀殺案震驚了整個美國，因?yàn)楫吘勾蠖鄶?shù)的美國人還是熱愛和平和反對暴力的。

　　means

　　n．手段；方法

　　(陜西卷書面表達(dá))Furthermore，punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.

　　此外，懲罰絕不是一個幫助他們在精神上和身體上健康成長的明智選擇。

　　by this means通過這種方法

　　by means of用……辦法；借助……

　　by all means一定；務(wù)必；好的，當(dāng)然可以

　　by no means決不，一點(diǎn)也不(位于句首時，句子用部分倒裝)

　　by every means用盡一切可能的辦法

　　(朗文P1277)Millions of Chinese rely on bicycles as their important means of transportation.

　　自行車是數(shù)百萬中國人賴以出行的重要交通工具。

　　She could not speak，but made her wishes known by_means_of signs.她不會說話，但她用手勢表達(dá)了她的愿望。

　　I’ve tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means are_my_parents_satisfied_with my progress.為了提高英語水平，我已盡力了。但父母對我的進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)也不滿意。occur vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)

　　(2024·廣東閱讀理解)There were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.

　　過去，在我上下班途中發(fā)生過各種各樣的悲劇。

　　(1)sth.occurs to/strikes sb.某人突然想起某事

　　(2)It occurs to/strikes/hits sb.that...某人突然想起……

　　I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred.我正沿街尋找停車點(diǎn)時，突然發(fā)生了事故。

　　(遼寧高考)When Babbage was working at Cambridge，a new idea occurred_to_him.

　　在劍橋工作時，巴比奇想到了一個新主意。

　　It_never_occurred_to/hit/struck_me_that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.

　　我從來沒有想到你能成功說服他改變主意。

　　indicate vt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示

　　教材原句P7：Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.

　　試著用上面的表達(dá)表明你在認(rèn)真聽同伴的講述。

　　(1)indicate sth.to sb.向某人指出、暗示某物

　　(2)indicate that...示意；表明；暗示；說明

　　(3)indication n．暗示；表示；預(yù)兆

　　①(北京卷開放作文)As_indicated_in_the_picture，if the man is willing to look for other possibilities，he can find a better and more rewarding way to achieve his goal.

　　圖片中顯示，如果這個人愿意尋找其他的可能性，他能找到一個更好的、更有益的方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)他的目標(biāo)。

　　(牛津P1038)A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day.夜空呈紅色往往預(yù)兆第二天天氣晴朗。

　　His attitude indicates that he is not very happy with what you are doing.他的態(tài)度暗示他對你的所作所為很不高興。

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　1．There is a great deal of evidence________________(表明) that listening to soft music can reduce stress.

　　答案：　indicating

　　2．Don’t worry about the present situation in the world；________________________________________(大多數(shù)人喜歡和平而不是戰(zhàn)爭)．

　　答案：　the majority of people prefer peace to war

　　3．I wish to congratulate you on your ____________________(當(dāng)選為主席) of the Students’ Union.

　　答案：　being elected chairman

　　.單項(xiàng)填空

　　1．(2024·合肥第三次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)My best friend，Amy，is always supportive，so her friendship undoubtedly________a great deal to me.

　　A．devotes B．contributes

　　C．means D．submits

　　解析：　考查動詞辨析。句意為：我最好的朋友Amy總是很支持我，因此毫無疑問她的友誼對我來說很重要。mean可表示某人/某物有多重要，sth./sb.mean sth.to sb.意為“某物/某人對某人來說很重要”，符合語境。devote致力于；contribute貢獻(xiàn)，出力；submit提交，均不符合語境，故排除。

　　答案：　C

　　2．(2024·濟(jì)南一中月考)In many places，________bicycle is still________popular means of transportation.

　　A． a；theB．/；a

　　C．the；a D．the；the

　　解析：　第一空the bicycle表示類別。第二空是泛指，表示一種運(yùn)輸方式。

　　答案：　C

　　3．(2024·山西診斷考試)It________me how we could improve the situation on the way to the station.

　　A．struck B．a(chǎn)pproached

　　C．a(chǎn)ccessed D．occurred

　　解析：　考查動詞辨析。句意為：我突然意識到我們?nèi)绾尾拍芨纳七@個局面。“It strikes (struck) sb.＋從句．..”表示“某人突然意識到……”，為固定句型。

　　答案：　A

　　4．(2024·甘肅蘭州、靖遠(yuǎn)名校高三模擬考試)The way you spend your money may________your attitude towards life.

　　A．support

　　B．transform

　　C．indicate D．direct

　　解析：　考查動詞。句意為：你花錢的方式也許會表明你對生活的態(tài)度。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選indicate，表示“表明，顯示”。support支持；transform使改變外觀；direct指導(dǎo)，管理。

　　答案：　C

　　5．The number of students in our class________more than 70 and the majority of them________from the countryside.A．is；is B．is；are

　　C．a(chǎn)re；is D．a(chǎn)re；are

　　解析：　the number of...……的數(shù)量，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)；the majority of...……的大部分，后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　答案：　B

　　a great many很多，許多(修飾可數(shù)名詞)

　　①(朗文P1256)The country has a great many problems that need urgent attention.該國有許許多多急需關(guān)注的問題。

　　②Nowadays a great many teenagers are_addicted_to playing computer games，which makes their parents very worried.

　　當(dāng)今許多青少年迷戀玩電腦游戲，這使他們的父母非常擔(dān)心。

　　a good/great many后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但a good/great many后接of時，必須加限定詞，如these /those/the/one’s等，然后再加名詞復(fù)數(shù)。

　　③It seems that a great/good_many_of_them are out of work now.

　　似乎他們中的許多人現(xiàn)在都失業(yè)了。

　　④A good many of the/those students in our class have passed the exam.我們班中有很多學(xué)生通過了考試。

　　take in包括；吸收；理解；欺騙

　　教材原句P8：It’s a 79 km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.這是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵蓋了所有著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。

　　take away拿走，使離開；消除(病痛等)

　　take off起飛；匆匆離去；脫下；大獲成功

　　take on呈現(xiàn)；雇用

　　take over接收，接管，取代

　　take up占去，占據(jù)；開始；從事

　　①He was homeless，so we took_him_in.

　　他無家可歸，我們便收留了他。

　　②Don’t be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.不要被許諾能使你快速減肥的商品所欺騙。

　　③I couldn’t take in the professor’s lecture at all.It was too difficult for me.我一點(diǎn)也不理解教授的演講，對我來說太難了。

　　④My writing career took_off when I discovered my own style.

　　找到自己的寫作風(fēng)格后，我的寫作事業(yè)開始起色了。

　　team up with (＝cooperate with)與……結(jié)合/合作，協(xié)作

　　(朗文P2113)The university is teaming up with a school in England for the research project.

　　該大學(xué)正與英格蘭的一所學(xué)校合作研究這項(xiàng)課題。

　　be fed up with對……感到厭煩，膩了

　　catch/keep up with趕上put up with忍受；容忍

　　end up with以……結(jié)束

　　①We teamed up so that we could divide the work and write a book more quickly.我們相互協(xié)作，以使我們能夠分配任務(wù)并且更快地寫完這本書。

　　②I’ll have to put up with the noise till I move next week.

　　我下周就要搬了，在此之前，我還是得忍受這種噪音。

　　③The old couple is_never_fed_up_with going to the same park every day.這對老夫妻每天都去同一個公園，從不厭煩。

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　1．______________________________(為保持良好關(guān)系) with your teachers and classmates，you should learn to be on good terms with them.

　　答案：　To keep up good relationships

　　2．The route______________________(已被畫出) so that it is easy to find his house.

　　答案：　has been marked out

　　3．John preferred to go into business alone rather than____________________(合作) anyone else.

　　答案：　team up with

　　4．Mr Brown sent an e-mail to the manager，____________________________(申請一份工作) in the company.

　　答案：　applying for a job

　　5．It is honorable to__________________(謀生) with your hands while depending on others is a shame.

　　答案：　make a life

　　6．These teenagers don’t know much of the world yet；that’s why they__________________________(那么容易受騙)．

　　答案：　are so easily taken in

　　Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空

　　1．(2024·江西高安中學(xué)模擬)—You know I dropped medicine and________physics.

　　—You made a right decision.

　　A．took up

　　B．took in

　　C．took apart

　　D．took off

　　解析：　考查動詞短語辨析。句意為：你知道我放棄了醫(yī)學(xué)，開始學(xué)物理了。你做了一個正確的決定。take up意為“(開始)從事，接受”；take in意為“吸收，領(lǐng)會”；take apart意為“拆開”；take off意為“起飛”。

　　答案：　A

　　2．(2024·蕪湖一中模擬)I couldn’t________what Obama was saying in his Inauguration Speech (就職演說) though I listened to it carefully.

　　A．take back B．take up

　　C．take over D．take in

　　解析：　考查動詞短語辨析。take back收回；take up開始從事；take over接替，接管；take in理解，吸收。句意為：盡管我仔細(xì)地聽了奧巴馬的就職演說，但我還是聽不懂他在說些什么。由語境可知，D項(xiàng)正確。