cannot live without it 雙重否定，相當于肯定句。 ◆Man cannot live without water.

　　沒有水，人類就不能生存。 ◆Without the sun, nothing would grow.

　　沒有太陽，就不會有生物。

　　◆It is hard to sleep without a cooler in this room. 沒有空氣調節器，在這間屋里很難入睡。

　　◆I just want an ordinary car without the frills. 我只要一輛沒有多余裝飾的普通汽車。

　　cannot; without 人和目的這二者是不能分開的。 You have purposes people. 1. B　考查固定句型。It's no use doing sth.做某事是白費力氣。句意：不去行動只是抱怨是沒有用的。 ? 1. It's no use ________ without taking action.(2011·上海)

　　A. complain

　　B. complaining

　　C. being complained

　　D. to be complained 2. A　本題考查動詞在具體語境中的使用。句意：“你家里總是那么整潔——家里有3個孩子，你是怎么設法做到的？” 表示“設法做成某事”用manage it。serve 表示“為……服務；接待”；adapt 表示“使適應，使適合”；construct表示“建造，構筑；構思”。 2. Your house is always so neat — how do you ________ it with three children？(2010·山東)

　　A. manage

　　B. serve

　　C. adapt

　　D. construct 如何增加亮點(Ⅱ) 7. 適當運用非謂語結構 非謂語結構通常被認為是一種高級結構，適當運用非謂語結構，會給人熟練駕馭語言的印象。

　　[例]由于不知道她的地址，我沒法和她聯系。 [一般句]As I didn't know her address, I wasn't able to get in touch with her. [優秀句]Not knowing her address, I wasn't able to get in touch with her.

　　8. 注意文章的過渡與銜接 寫作的評分標準是把銜接和連貫作為核心標準來要求的，其語篇銜接作用的極其重要性是不言而喻的。學生要學會恰當地使用這些表示邏輯關系的關聯詞語，使文章前后連貫，結構緊湊，過渡自然。表示過渡與銜接的常用表達有： (1)表示順序：first, then, finally, in the end 等。 (2)表示轉折：but, however, meanwhile, at the same time, instead, on the contrary, unfortunately, after all等。 (3)表示并列：both…and, as well as, neither…nor, either…or, some…some…等。 (4)表示遞進：besides, even, moreover, what's more, furthermore等。 (5)表示時間：now, then, in the past, at present, in the future等。 (6)表示對比：while, on one hand, on the other hand, in the same way, just as等。 (7)表示因果：because, as, now that, so, therefore等。 (8)表示程度：first of all, above all, again and again等。 (9)表示強調：indeed, surely, certainly, of course等。 (10)表示列舉：for example, such as, for instance等。 (11)表示總結：in a word, in short, in brief, in all, in conclusion等。 9. 合理安排句型 注意把意思相近、相似、互為補充的句子合為一個復雜句，使重點突出，并且要明確內在的邏輯關系。

　　When it is my birthday, my mother will cook some dishes to celebrate my birth, or she will give me some money to buy whatever I want. 改為：To celebrate my birthday, my mother always cooks some dishes or gives me some money to buy whatever I want. 改后的句子由兩句變為一句，句義更易理解，邏輯更清楚。 10. 綜合使用各類所謂的“高級”結構 [例]如果她的發音不比她老師好的話，至少也不會比她老師的差。 [一般句]If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher's, it is at least as good as her teacher's. [優秀句]Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher's.

　　11. 大膽使用高級詞匯 Her dark eyes are very attractive. 她的黑眼睛很迷人。(用attractive比用beautiful高級) Is the manager available? 經理在不在？(用available比用in高級)

　　I happened upon her in the street the other day. 幾天前，我在街上碰巧遇見了她。(用the other day比用a few days ago高級) Hearing the news, I felt kind of discouraged.

　　聽到這個消息，我感到有點泄氣。(kind of在此用作副詞，意為“有點”) He stood before his teacher silently, with his head down. 他低著頭，一言不發地站在老師面前。(with復合結構用得好) Module 7

　　Unit 1　 Living with technology（1） 1、 evolution n. 進化，發展，演變 ◆Our watchword is: “Evolution, not revolution.”

　　我們的口號是：“要循序漸進，不要劇烈變革。” ◆Our political institutions are in continuous evolution. 我們的政治制度正在不斷發展中。

　　Darwin's theory of evolution 達爾文的進化論

　　accidental evolution 機遇性進化 　adaptive evolution 適應進化 　artificial evolution 人為進化 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace 　. 查爾斯·達爾文和阿爾弗雷德· 羅素·華萊士各自獨立地發現了進化論。 discovered evolution independently 2、 construct vt. 建造，構筑，編造 ◆This factory was constructed by our company.

　　這家工廠是由我們公司建設的。 build, construct, found, erect, establish, set up 這些動詞均有“建設，建立，建造”之意。 build 普通用詞，含義廣泛，可指一切具體或抽象的建造或建立。 construct 較正式用詞，強調根據一定計劃進行的規模較大，結構較復雜，要求較高技術的建造。 found 側重打下基礎或創辦，具體或抽象事物均可用。 erect 側重指對高而垂直物的建造。使用不如build廣泛。 establish 著重穩固地建成，可具體指國家、政府、學校或商店等的建立，也可指信仰、信用、名譽、法律、制度、規則等的建立。 set up 作“建立”用時，側重于“開始”。可指具體或抽象的建立。 The novel a series of on-the-spot reports. 這部小說是根據一系列的現場報道而構思的。 is constructed from 3、 accessible adj. 可得到的，易接近的，可進入的，易受影響的，易理解的 ◆This database is only accessible by the authorized manager.

　　只有授權的管理員才可以訪問此數據庫。 ◆The information ought to be made more accessible.

　　資料應該明白易懂。 ◆This island is accessible only by boat.

　　這個小島只能坐小船去。

　　an accessible person 溫和的人 　accessible evidence 可取得的證件 ◆An open minded person is accessible to reasons.

　　虛心的人易于服理。

　　4、wind

　　vt. (wound, wound)上發條；纏，繞 　

　　◆The narrow road winds its way up to the top of Mountain Tai.

　　狹窄的道路彎彎曲曲，通往泰山山頂。

　　wind up 上發條；搖動；轉動；以……告終；使(活動、會議等)結束 　wind sth. around sth. 纏繞；卷繞 　wind one's way 蜿蜒；曲折延伸 　wind down 逐漸變慢；逐漸平靜下來；放松 ◆Let's see if we can wind this up by 7 o'clock.

　　看看咱們能不能在7點前把這個弄完。 ◆This year has been too busy for me; I need a holiday to wind down.

　　今年對我來說太忙，我需要一個假期去放松。 n. 風； 氣流 ◆It was too hot without a breath of wind.

　　天氣很炎熱，連一絲風也沒有。 5、 measure vt., vi. & n. 測量；打量；估量；link-v. (某物的)尺寸(長度數量)為……

　　measure…against… 對照……評價…… 　measure sb. for sth. 給某人量體裁衣 　take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 　make…to one's own measure 依照某人的尺寸做…… 　take one's measure 量尺寸 ◆She measured the stranger with her eyes.

　　她用雙眼打量著那個陌生人。 ◆When measured against the work of a professional, her efforts look unimpressive.

　　當和專業人員的工作相比時，她所作的努力看起來就不怎么起眼了。

　　①The lake ________ 130 ________ 80 kilometers.

　　這個湖長130公里，寬80公里。 ①measures; by　 ②She ____________ and found it was too long. 她拿著外套在我身上量了量，發現太長了。 ②measured the coat against me 6、 suitable adj. 合適的，適合的 　sb. is suitable for sth. / to do sth.

　　　＝ sb. is fit for sth. / to do sth. 某人適合做某事 　sth. is suitable for sb. 某事適宜某人

　　What time is suitable for us to meet?

　　我們什么時候會面合適？

　　The dress is not 　 for the party.

　　這件衣服不適合穿去參加晚會。 suitable to wear 7、 vote

　　n. 選舉權，投票，選舉，投票結果

　　v. 表決，選舉，投票 ◆He became a citizen, thereby gaining the right to vote.

　　他成為公民，并因此獲得了選舉權。 ◆A large vote was polled.

　　投票踴躍。 ◆I suggested putting the matter to a vote, but the chairman objected to it.

　　我建議對此事投票表決，但主席表示反對。 　casting vote 決定性一票 　vote in 選舉(選出來)

　　　vote down 否決

　　　vote of confidence 信任投票；贊同

　　　vote of thanks 公開鳴謝 　vote on 就……表決

　　　vote through 表決通過(投票贊成)

　　　hand vote 舉手選舉

　　At the end of the meeting, the motion.

　　會議結束前對該項提議進行了表決。 a vote was taken on keep pace with 跟上，

　　與……齊步前進 ◆One should keep pace with the times.

　　一個人應該跟上時代的步伐。 ◆Tom has to take long steps to keep pace with his father.

　　湯姆必須邁大步才能跟上他的父親。

　　◆It's important for a firm to keep pace with changes in the market.

　　對一個公司來說，能跟上市場的發展是很重要的。 　keep off 不接近，避開

　　　keep out of 躲開，置身……之外

　　　keep on 反復地做，繼續進行 　keep out of debt 不借債

　　　keep on ice 保存著

　　　keep out of mischief 不胡鬧

　　　keep open house 盛情款待來客，好客 　keep out of the sun 放在陰處；避曬

　　　keep out 不許入內，擋在外面

　　　keep out of the way 避開

　　?I enjoy my job in research because I have to 　.

　　我喜歡我的研究工作，因為我得緊跟上所有的最新發展。 keep pace with all the latest developments 1、It took more than two decades, though, until 1951, for regular color TV broadcasts to begin in the USA. 然而，直到1951年，花了20多年，正常的彩電轉播才在美國開始。 句中代詞 it作形式主語，真正的主語是后面的for regular color TV broadcasts to begin in the USA，為不定式的復合結構。 ◆It will take me three hours to fulfill the task.

　　要花3個小時，我才能完成任務。 常見的以it作形式主語的主語從句句型有4種： (1)It ＋be ＋形容詞＋that從句 能用于這種句型的常見形容詞有：necessary, clear, true, strange, important, wonderful, possible, likely, obvious, surprising等。 ◆It's clear that they badly need help.

　　很明顯，他們急需援助。 ◆It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.

　　很可能颶風馬上就要到達。 注意：這類主語從句中，若形容詞為necessary, important, essential, strange等，主語從句要用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞形式一般為“(should)＋動詞原形”。 ◆It is necessary that you (should) master the computer.

　　你很有必要掌握電腦。

　　It is strange that he should have killed himself.

　　真奇怪，他竟然自殺了。 (2)It ＋be ＋名詞詞組＋that從句 常用于這種句型的名詞詞組有：a fact, a good idea, a pity, an honor, a shame, no wonder, good news等。 ◆It's a pity that you missed the film. 你沒有看那部電影真是太遺憾了。 (3)It ＋be ＋過去分詞＋that從句 常用的過去分詞有：said, reported, hoped, believed, expected, decided, well-known等。 ◆It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun. 眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽轉。 注意：a. it作形式主語代替主語從句時，要注意和as引導的定語從句的區別。試比較： ◆It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. (主語從句，有that, 無逗號) 據報道，美國遭到恐怖分子的襲擊。 ◆As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.(定語從句，無that，有逗號) 據報道，美國遭到恐怖分子的襲擊。 b．若過去分詞為表示“建議”、“命令”、“愿望”，如suggested, ordered, requested等詞時，從句需用虛擬語氣(should＋動詞原形)。 ◆It is requested that Mr. Wang (should) give a performance. 有人請求王先生表演一個節目。 (4)It ＋ seems/happens/appears/doesn't matter/makes no difference ＋ that從句。 ◆It happened that I had seen the film. 碰巧我已看過了那部電影。 ◆It seems that he is playing football. 好像他正在踢足球。 ◆It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. 他是否參加會議無關緊要。 2、The telephone is very convenient for communication, and most people in the world today cannot live without it. 電話對于交流來說非常方便，當今世界上許多人沒有電話就不能生存。

　　cannot live without it 雙重否定，相當于肯定句。 ◆Man cannot live without water.

　　沒有水，人類就不能生存。 ◆Without the sun, nothing would grow.

　　沒有太陽，就不會有生物。

　　◆It is hard to sleep without a cooler in this room. 沒有空氣調節器，在這間屋里很難入睡。

　　◆I just want an ordinary car without the frills. 我只要一輛沒有多余裝飾的普通汽車。

　　cannot; without 人和目的這二者是不能分開的。 You have purposes people. 1. B　考查固定句型。It's no use doing sth.做某事是白費力氣。句意：不去行動只是抱怨是沒有用的。 ? 1. It's no use ________ without taking action.(2011·上海)

　　A. complain

　　B. complaining

　　C. being complained

　　D. to be complained 2. A　本題考查動詞在具體語境中的使用。句意：“你家里總是那么整潔——家里有3個孩子，你是怎么設法做到的？” 表示“設法做成某事”用manage it。serve 表示“為……服務；接待”；adapt 表示“使適應，使適合”；construct表示“建造，構筑；構思”。 2. Your house is always so neat — how do you ________ it with three children？(2010·山東)

　　A. manage

　　B. serve

　　C. adapt

　　D. construct 如何增加亮點(Ⅱ) 7. 適當運用非謂語結構 非謂語結構通常被認為是一種高級結構，適當運用非謂語結構，會給人熟練駕馭語言的印象。

　　[例]由于不知道她的地址，我沒法和她聯系。 [一般句]As I didn't know her address, I wasn't able to get in touch with her. [優秀句]Not knowing her address, I wasn't able to get in touch with her.

　　8. 注意文章的過渡與銜接 寫作的評分標準是把銜接和連貫作為核心標準來要求的，其語篇銜接作用的極其重要性是不言而喻的。學生要學會恰當地使用這些表示邏輯關系的關聯詞語，使文章前后連貫，結構緊湊，過渡自然。表示過渡與銜接的常用表達有： (1)表示順序：first, then, finally, in the end 等。 (2)表示轉折：but, however, meanwhile, at the same time, instead, on the contrary, unfortunately, after all等。 (3)表示并列：both…and, as well as, neither…nor, either…or, some…some…等。 (4)表示遞進：besides, even, moreover, what's more, furthermore等。 (5)表示時間：now, then, in the past, at present, in the future等。 (6)表示對比：while, on one hand, on the other hand, in the same way, just as等。 (7)表示因果：because, as, now that, so, therefore等。 (8)表示程度：first of all, above all, again and again等。 (9)表示強調：indeed, surely, certainly, of course等。 (10)表示列舉：for example, such as, for instance等。 (11)表示總結：in a word, in short, in brief, in all, in conclusion等。 9. 合理安排句型 注意把意思相近、相似、互為補充的句子合為一個復雜句，使重點突出，并且要明確內在的邏輯關系。

　　When it is my birthday, my mother will cook some dishes to celebrate my birth, or she will give me some money to buy whatever I want. 改為：To celebrate my birthday, my mother always cooks some dishes or gives me some money to buy whatever I want. 改后的句子由兩句變為一句，句義更易理解，邏輯更清楚。 10. 綜合使用各類所謂的“高級”結構 [例]如果她的發音不比她老師好的話，至少也不會比她老師的差。 [一般句]If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher's, it is at least as good as her teacher's. [優秀句]Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher's.

　　11. 大膽使用高級詞匯 Her dark eyes are very attractive. 她的黑眼睛很迷人。(用attractive比用beautiful高級) Is the manager available? 經理在不在？(用available比用in高級)

　　I happened upon her in the street the other day. 幾天前，我在街上碰巧遇見了她。(用the other day比用a few days ago高級) Hearing the news, I felt kind of discouraged.

　　聽到這個消息，我感到有點泄氣。(kind of在此用作副詞，意為“有點”) He stood before his teacher silently, with his head down. 他低著頭，一言不發地站在老師面前。(with復合結構用得好) Module 7

　　Unit 1　 Living with technology（1） 1、 evolution n. 進化，發展，演變 ◆Our watchword is: “Evolution, not revolution.”

　　我們的口號是：“要循序漸進，不要劇烈變革。” ◆Our political institutions are in continuous evolution. 我們的政治制度正在不斷發展中。

　　Darwin's theory of evolution 達爾文的進化論

　　accidental evolution 機遇性進化 　adaptive evolution 適應進化 　artificial evolution 人為進化 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace 　. 查爾斯·達爾文和阿爾弗雷德· 羅素·華萊士各自獨立地發現了進化論。 discovered evolution independently 2、 construct vt. 建造，構筑，編造 ◆This factory was constructed by our company.

　　這家工廠是由我們公司建設的。 build, construct, found, erect, establish, set up 這些動詞均有“建設，建立，建造”之意。 build 普通用詞，含義廣泛，可指一切具體或抽象的建造或建立。 construct 較正式用詞，強調根據一定計劃進行的規模較大，結構較復雜，要求較高技術的建造。 found 側重打下基礎或創辦，具體或抽象事物均可用。 erect 側重指對高而垂直物的建造。使用不如build廣泛。 establish 著重穩固地建成，可具體指國家、政府、學校或商店等的建立，也可指信仰、信用、名譽、法律、制度、規則等的建立。 set up 作“建立”用時，側重于“開始”。可指具體或抽象的建立。 The novel a series of on-the-spot reports. 這部小說是根據一系列的現場報道而構思的。 is constructed from 3、 accessible adj. 可得到的，易接近的，可進入的，易受影響的，易理解的 ◆This database is only accessible by the authorized manager.

　　只有授權的管理員才可以訪問此數據庫。 ◆The information ought to be made more accessible.

　　資料應該明白易懂。 ◆This island is accessible only by boat.

　　這個小島只能坐小船去。

　　an accessible person 溫和的人 　accessible evidence 可取得的證件 ◆An open minded person is accessible to reasons.

　　虛心的人易于服理。

　　4、wind

　　vt. (wound, wound)上發條；纏，繞 　

　　◆The narrow road winds its way up to the top of Mountain Tai.

　　狹窄的道路彎彎曲曲，通往泰山山頂。

　　wind up 上發條；搖動；轉動；以……告終；使(活動、會議等)結束 　wind sth. around sth. 纏繞；卷繞 　wind one's way 蜿蜒；曲折延伸 　wind down 逐漸變慢；逐漸平靜下來；放松 ◆Let's see if we can wind this up by 7 o'clock.

　　看看咱們能不能在7點前把這個弄完。 ◆This year has been too busy for me; I need a holiday to wind down.

　　今年對我來說太忙，我需要一個假期去放松。 n. 風； 氣流 ◆It was too hot without a breath of wind.

　　天氣很炎熱，連一絲風也沒有。 5、 measure vt., vi. & n. 測量；打量；估量；link-v. (某物的)尺寸(長度數量)為……

　　measure…against… 對照……評價…… 　measure sb. for sth. 給某人量體裁衣 　take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 　make…to one's own measure 依照某人的尺寸做…… 　take one's measure 量尺寸 ◆She measured the stranger with her eyes.

　　她用雙眼打量著那個陌生人。 ◆When measured against the work of a professional, her efforts look unimpressive.

　　當和專業人員的工作相比時，她所作的努力看起來就不怎么起眼了。

　　①The lake ________ 130 ________ 80 kilometers.

　　這個湖長130公里，寬80公里。 ①measures; by　 ②She ____________ and found it was too long. 她拿著外套在我身上量了量，發現太長了。 ②measured the coat against me 6、 suitable adj. 合適的，適合的 　sb. is suitable for sth. / to do sth.

　　　＝ sb. is fit for sth. / to do sth. 某人適合做某事 　sth. is suitable for sb. 某事適宜某人

　　What time is suitable for us to meet?

　　我們什么時候會面合適？

　　The dress is not 　 for the party.

　　這件衣服不適合穿去參加晚會。 suitable to wear 7、 vote

　　n. 選舉權，投票，選舉，投票結果

　　v. 表決，選舉，投票 ◆He became a citizen, thereby gaining the right to vote.

　　他成為公民，并因此獲得了選舉權。 ◆A large vote was polled.

　　投票踴躍。 ◆I suggested putting the matter to a vote, but the chairman objected to it.

　　我建議對此事投票表決，但主席表示反對。 　casting vote 決定性一票 　vote in 選舉(選出來)

　　　vote down 否決

　　　vote of confidence 信任投票；贊同

　　　vote of thanks 公開鳴謝 　vote on 就……表決

　　　vote through 表決通過(投票贊成)

　　　hand vote 舉手選舉

　　At the end of the meeting, the motion.

　　會議結束前對該項提議進行了表決。 a vote was taken on keep pace with 跟上，

　　與……齊步前進 ◆One should keep pace with the times.

　　一個人應該跟上時代的步伐。 ◆Tom has to take long steps to keep pace with his father.

　　湯姆必須邁大步才能跟上他的父親。

　　◆It's important for a firm to keep pace with changes in the market.

　　對一個公司來說，能跟上市場的發展是很重要的。 　keep off 不接近，避開

　　　keep out of 躲開，置身……之外

　　　keep on 反復地做，繼續進行 　keep out of debt 不借債

　　　keep on ice 保存著

　　　keep out of mischief 不胡鬧

　　　keep open house 盛情款待來客，好客 　keep out of the sun 放在陰處；避曬

　　　keep out 不許入內，擋在外面

　　　keep out of the way 避開

　　?I enjoy my job in research because I have to 　.

　　我喜歡我的研究工作，因為我得緊跟上所有的最新發展。 keep pace with all the latest developments 1、It took more than two decades, though, until 1951, for regular color TV broadcasts to begin in the USA. 然而，直到1951年，花了20多年，正常的彩電轉播才在美國開始。 句中代詞 it作形式主語，真正的主語是后面的for regular color TV broadcasts to begin in the USA，為不定式的復合結構。 ◆It will take me three hours to fulfill the task.

　　要花3個小時，我才能完成任務。 常見的以it作形式主語的主語從句句型有4種： (1)It ＋be ＋形容詞＋that從句 能用于這種句型的常見形容詞有：necessary, clear, true, strange, important, wonderful, possible, likely, obvious, surprising等。 ◆It's clear that they badly need help.

　　很明顯，他們急需援助。 ◆It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.

　　很可能颶風馬上就要到達。 注意：這類主語從句中，若形容詞為necessary, important, essential, strange等，主語從句要用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞形式一般為“(should)＋動詞原形”。 ◆It is necessary that you (should) master the computer.

　　你很有必要掌握電腦。

　　It is strange that he should have killed himself.

　　真奇怪，他竟然自殺了。 (2)It ＋be ＋名詞詞組＋that從句 常用于這種句型的名詞詞組有：a fact, a good idea, a pity, an honor, a shame, no wonder, good news等。 ◆It's a pity that you missed the film. 你沒有看那部電影真是太遺憾了。 (3)It ＋be ＋過去分詞＋that從句 常用的過去分詞有：said, reported, hoped, believed, expected, decided, well-known等。 ◆It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun. 眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽轉。 注意：a. it作形式主語代替主語從句時，要注意和as引導的定語從句的區別。試比較： ◆It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. (主語從句，有that, 無逗號) 據報道，美國遭到恐怖分子的襲擊。 ◆As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.(定語從句，無that，有逗號) 據報道，美國遭到恐怖分子的襲擊。 b．若過去分詞為表示“建議”、“命令”、“愿望”，如suggested, ordered, requested等詞時，從句需用虛擬語氣(should＋動詞原形)。 ◆It is requested that Mr. Wang (should) give a performance. 有人請求王先生表演一個節目。 (4)It ＋ seems/happens/appears/doesn't matter/makes no difference ＋ that從句。 ◆It happened that I had seen the film. 碰巧我已看過了那部電影。 ◆It seems that he is playing football. 好像他正在踢足球。 ◆It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. 他是否參加會議無關緊要。 2、The telephone is very convenient for communication, and most people in the world today cannot live without it. 電話對于交流來說非常方便，當今世界上許多人沒有電話就不能生存。