陜西省漢中市陜飛二中高三英語(yǔ)《短文改錯(cuò)》課件（2）

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　　高考改錯(cuò)十大思路

　　高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)題，是命題者將中學(xué)生常犯的各種典型錯(cuò)誤更集中、更系統(tǒng)地整理出來(lái)，放入一篇內(nèi)容較為淺顯、題材較為輕松的文章中設(shè)計(jì)而成的，它主要考查考生判斷、發(fā)現(xiàn)、糾正語(yǔ)篇中語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤的能力以及在語(yǔ)篇中綜合、準(zhǔn)確地運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)能力，考生在該題的得分率較低。

　　綜觀近十年的高考短文改錯(cuò)題，不難看出常見(jiàn)的改錯(cuò)十大思路是：一致關(guān)系、連接手段、平行結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式、刪除冗言、冠詞使用，名詞數(shù)與格，詞語(yǔ)搭配，詞性分辨，行文邏輯等。現(xiàn)結(jié)合近三年的高考試題對(duì)這十大思路分析如下：一、一致關(guān)系

　　短文改錯(cuò)中所涉及到的一致關(guān)系包括主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)一致和代詞指代一致。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式要與句子的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或上下文的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，代詞所指的內(nèi)容與其先行詞在詞性和數(shù)方面以及與其自身的指代，要在意義上保持一致。例如： 1、(01春季)But then there is always more mysteries to look into. 2、(01春季)I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand how the world works. 3、(NMET 2001)They didn’t want me to do any work at home. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get good marks in all my subjects.

　　4、(2002春季)for example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place that I couldn’ t find. 5、(2002春季)He said he is busy. 6、(NMET02)The three of them were very excited . 7、(NMET03)…..and tried to translate anything into English.

　　8、(NMET03)Their word were a great encouragement to me. is--are it--they didn’t—don’t them--it is--was them--us anything--everything word--words 二、連接手段

　　連接不當(dāng)會(huì)造成上下文不銜接。英語(yǔ)中句與句連接一般使用并列連詞或從屬連詞。或若并列句，要判斷句與句之間是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，還是讓步關(guān)系。、從而選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞，若為復(fù)合句，首先應(yīng)判斷內(nèi)含何種從句，然后根據(jù)主、從句之間的關(guān)系判斷連接詞的使用是否正確，是否有遺漏或多余現(xiàn)象，要注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。例如：

　　1、(01春季)I think I like those classes because I felt that they

　　helped me understand what the world works. 2、(01春季)In one class, I learned it rained. 3、(02春季)For example, when he bought a chocolate cake he put in a secret place where I couldn’t find. 4、(NMET 02) It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. what--how it 前加 why find 后加 it we 前加when 三、平行結(jié)構(gòu)

　　平行結(jié)構(gòu)是指兩個(gè)或更多的具有相似或相同的句法功能的詞、詞組或從句并列在一起的結(jié)構(gòu)，在表達(dá)相互平行的概念時(shí)，要使用相同的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，即動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞并列，形容詞與形容詞并列，不定式與不定式并列，短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)并列。平行結(jié)構(gòu)常使用等立連詞and, but, or或連詞詞組not only…but also…,not.. but, either…or…,neither…nor…,as well as等。例如： 1、(NMET2002)As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.

　　2、(NMET2003) I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.

　　3、(NMET2003) She liked it very mush and reads it to the class. visiting--visited

　　reads--read 去掉Should 四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式

　　主要考查不定式符號(hào)to的多余或遺漏，to是介詞還是不定式符號(hào)，現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)名詞等。例如： 1、(01年春季)But then there are always more mysteries look into. 2、(01年春季)After learn the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practical to me . 3、(NMET01)My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.

　　4、(02春季)He didn’ t want share things with other people.

　　5、(02春季)That is, a game of tennis making him very busy.

　　6、(NMET03)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper.

　　look 前加 to

　　learn--learning make前加 to want 后加 to making--made talk--talking 五、刪除冗言

　　造成冗言錯(cuò)誤的原因主要由于漢英表達(dá)上的差異。對(duì)英語(yǔ)慣用語(yǔ)在使用上的細(xì)微差異，主要考程度副詞和頻度副詞。如: much more, often等的多余，介詞的多余，語(yǔ)義的重復(fù)，固定搭配中多余的詞以及由于受漢語(yǔ)的影響而多用了某些詞語(yǔ)等。例如： 1、(NMET01) Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters--in any other words, I am an only child.

　　2、(NMET01) We may be one family and live under the same roof, but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together. 3、(02春季) For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four o’ clock in the morning. 4、(NMET02) Evening came down. 5、(NMET03) The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese. 去 any 去 about 去 on 去 down 去 in 六、冠詞的使用

　　冠詞是英語(yǔ)中特有的詞，由于漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的詞，大家對(duì)它的用法感到難以掌握，高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)題對(duì)冠詞的考查幾乎每年都有，但多數(shù)是考查其基本用法，如不可數(shù)名詞泛指時(shí)前面多冠詞；單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前少冠詞不定冠詞a，an與定冠詞the的錯(cuò)誤使用；固定搭配中冠詞的誤用等等。例如： 1、(01春季)For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery. 2、(NMET01) We may be one family and live under a same roof, but we do not seem to get much time to talk together.

　　3、(NMET02)As everyone knows, it is famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. 去 the a same—the same famous 前加 a

　　七、名詞的數(shù)與格

　　漢語(yǔ)中的名詞沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。英語(yǔ)則不同，如果英語(yǔ)的名詞是可數(shù)名詞，它有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。一般來(lái)講，不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)式。例如： 1、(01春季)I used to love science class—all of them—biology, chemistry, geography, physics.

　　2、(NMET02) They don’t want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that

　　I’ll get good marks in all my subject. 3、There are around one hundred woman workers in this factory. 4、The mother took great proud in her daughter.

　　5、Do you know he is a friend of John?

　　class--classes subject--subjects woman--women proud--pride John—John’s 八、詞語(yǔ)搭配

　　這主要考查介詞與動(dòng)詞，名詞、形容詞的固定搭配，副詞與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配，及物動(dòng)詞后面介詞或副詞的多余以及不及物動(dòng)詞后面缺少介詞，英語(yǔ)中的一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)及習(xí)慣搭配等。例如： 1、(NMET02) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. 2、(NMET03) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.

　　3、The great discovery is great importance in science.

　　4、The artist is known for everyone in the town.

　　5、He failed but he wanted to try the second time.

　　去 at keep my diary—keep a diary is 后加 of for--to the second time—a second time 九、詞性分辨

　　根據(jù)詞在句中的位置與其它詞的修飾與被修飾關(guān)系，判斷詞的正確使用形式，根據(jù)詞在句子中不同的句法功能，使用與之相適應(yīng)的詞性。例如： 1、(02春季)He never helped other.

　　2、(02春季)But he is difference now. 十、行文邏輯

　　這主要測(cè)試行文中not的有無(wú)；come與leave的誤用;before與after的混用。例如： 1、(NMET95) Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas.

　　2、(NMET01) What things are in other homes, I wonder. other—others 或 other— other people difference--different go--come What--How 短文改錯(cuò)例 I：

　　Have you ever heard Angel Falls?1、　 It is a highest waterfall in the world, deep in the jungles

　　2、　 of Venezuela. Few has ever seen Angel Falls.3、　 That is very hard to get there. If you went　

　　4、　 in land, you would have to travel for weeks through

　　5、　 thick jungles. If you went by plane, it would take about

　　6、　 four hours. No one knew about this high waterfall since 1930.

　　7、　 In that year, James Angel, American pilot, flew over the area.

　　8、　 Suddenly he saw a waterfall, that seemed　

　　9、　 to drop straight out of from the clouds.10、　 heard –heard of a--the has--have That--It in land--by land 正確 since--until an American that-- which 去掉from 短文改錯(cuò)例 II.

　　Today I visited the Smiths—my first time visit

　　1, to a American family. They live in a small town.

　　2, It was very kind for them to meet me at the

　　3, railway station and drove me to their home.

　　4, The Smiths did his best to make me feel

　　5, at home. They offered me coffee and other drinks. 6, We have a good time talking and laughing

　　7, together. They eager to know everything about 8, China and asked me lots of question. In fact,

　　9, they are planning to visit China in the next year. 10, 去掉 time a--an for--of drove--drive his--their 正確 have--had eager 前加 were question 加 s 去掉 in 短文改錯(cuò)例 III.

　　The journey was long and tired. We left London at five o’clock

　　1, in the evening and spent eight hours on the train. 2, We had been traveling for three hours after someone appeared selling

　　3, food or drinks. It was darkness all the time we were 4, crossing Wales so we could see nothing across the windows. When

　　5, we finally arrive nearly everyone was sleeping. 6, As soon as a train stopped everyone came to life, grabbing(抓)7, suitcase and rushing onto the platform.

　　8, While we were getting off the train it was an announcement

　　9, that the boat had not arrived already from Ireland and there

　　10, had been a delay, when the boat finally came we had been waiting for over two hours. tired--tiring on--in after--before darkness--dark across--through arrive--arrived 正確 it--there a--the already--yet