語 法 第7講

　　其他常見考點 強調

　　強調結構(It is/was + 被強調部分 + that/who···)因其實用性強、易與其他句型結合、創(chuàng)新力度大而受到命題者的青睞。以下是常見的考點：

　　1.常見的強調句結構是it引導的句子。

　　It is/was +被強調部分+ that/who + 句子其他部分。此結構強調的成分僅限于主語、賓語和狀語。

　　It is from the sun that we get light and heat.

　　2.一般疑問句的強調結構句型為:Is/Was it + 被強調部分 + that/who···?

　　Is it from the sun that we get light and heat? 強調

　　強調結構(It is/was + 被強調部分 + that/who···)因其實用性強、易與其他句型結合、創(chuàng)新力度大而受到命題者的青睞。以下是常見的考點：

　　3.特殊疑問句的強調結構句型為: 特殊疑問詞( Who/What/When/Where/Why/How···)+is/was it that···?

　　Why was it that Li Lei came late again?

　　這類強調結構置于從句中時應使用陳述句語序。

　　The question is who it is that we can trust.

　　4.not···until···句式的強調有固定的句型,

　　即It is/was not until···that···

　　It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs. 倒裝

　　倒裝可分為“全部倒裝”和“部分倒裝”。句子是全部倒裝還是部分倒裝往往取決于位于句首的詞語。因此,弄清具有倒裝要求的標志詞是解題的關鍵。 一、全部倒裝

　　將整個謂語提到主語之前的稱為全部倒裝。常見的有:

　　1. 用于“there (here, now, then)+不及物動詞+主語”的句型中,或以in, out, down, up, away等副詞開頭的句子里,以示強調。

　　There goes the bell.

　　注意:當上面的主語是人稱代詞時,盡管副詞位于句首,主謂語序不倒裝。

　　2. 表示方位意義的介詞短語或副詞短語位于句首作狀語,謂語動詞為be,表示“位于、存在”的動詞或“位置移動”的單個不及物動詞時。

　　From the valley came a frightening sound.

　　3. 作表語的形容詞、分詞、介詞短語放在句首時。 Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people. 倒裝

　　將謂語的一部分(即情態(tài)動詞、系動詞或助動詞)提到主語之前的稱為部分倒裝。如果句中沒有情態(tài)動詞、系動詞或助動詞,謂語只是一個實義動詞,要在主語前加助動詞do, does或did,主語后的實義動詞用原形。常見的有: 二、部分倒裝

　　1. 當“so/such···that···”結構中的so或such位于句首時,構成部分倒裝句。

　　2. 當具有否定意義的詞(no,not,never, neither, nor, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not only, no sooner, by no means, in no case/way, at no time, etc.)位于句首時, 以及有not only···but (also), no sooner···than, hardly···when, scarcely···when等結構時,要用部分倒裝。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

　　Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 倒裝 二、部分倒裝

　　注意：

　　①當not until引導主從復合句時，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。

　　②只有當not only···but also連接兩個分句時，才在第一個分句用倒裝結構。如果置于句首的not only···but also僅連接兩個并列詞語，不可用倒裝結構。

　　Not only you but also I am fond of music. 倒裝 二、部分倒裝

　　3. only位于句首,修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句時,要用部分倒裝。

　　注意: only修飾狀語從句時,主句倒裝,從句不倒裝; Only修飾的不是狀語時,則不用倒裝語序。

　　Only in this way, can you learn English well.

　　Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

　　如果句子為主從復合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。

　　Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 倒裝 二、部分倒裝

　　4. 當as/though引導讓步狀語從句時,可出現(xiàn)“名詞/形容詞/副詞/分詞 + as + 主語 + 動詞”或“動詞 + as + 主語 + 助動詞”的倒裝形式。當表語是名詞時,名詞前不加任何冠詞。句首是實義動詞, 其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語, 隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。

　　Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily.

　　注意:

　　讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時,后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。 倒裝

　　二、部分倒裝

　　5. 當however, no matter how引導讓步狀語從句時,常把however/no matter how + 形容詞/副詞放在句首,此時主謂不倒裝。

　　6. 虛擬條件句的倒裝

　　虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were, should或had, 可將if省略，再把were, should或had 移到從句句首，實行倒裝。 Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.

　　Had you come earlier, you would have met him.=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.　

　　Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain,

　　the crops would be saved. 例 1 （2009·江西）It was

　　he came back from Africa that year

　　he met the girl he would like to marry.

　　A. when; then

　　B. not; until

　　C. not until; that

　　D. only; when 強調句型。根據(jù)It is···that 結構可知。

　　剖析 例 2 （2009·安徽）

　　a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.

　　A. It has

　　B. They have

　　C. It remains

　　D. There remains

　　there be句型的考查。

　　剖析 例 3 （2009·湖南） You and I could hardly work together,

　　?

　　A. could you

　　B. couldn’t I

　　C. couldn’t we

　　D. could we

　　反義疑問句的用法。根據(jù)陳述部分是肯定形式，疑問部分用否定形式；反之。陳述部分中含有否定詞hardly，故疑問部分用肯定形式，主語是you and I，故應選D。

　　剖析 例 4 （2009·江西） Some of you may have finished unit one.

　　, you can go on to unit two.

　　A. If you may

　　B. If you do

　　C. If not

　　D. If so 省略句的用法。If so = If you have done that/so。

　　剖析 例 5 （2009·陜西） Little

　　about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.

　　A. did Rose care

　　B. Rose did care

　　C. Rose does care

　　D. does Rose care

　　little是具有否定意義的詞，位于句首時句子用部分倒裝。見部分倒裝第2條。

　　剖析 例 6 （2009·山東） So sudden

　　that the enemy had no time to escape.

　　A. did the attack

　　B. the attack did

　　C. was the attack

　　D. the attack was

　　so···that···, such···that···的句子結構中，若so, such 和與其所修飾的詞置于句首，實行部分倒裝，sudden是形容詞，作表語，所以選C。

　　剖析

　　語 法 第7講

　　其他常見考點 強調

　　強調結構(It is/was + 被強調部分 + that/who···)因其實用性強、易與其他句型結合、創(chuàng)新力度大而受到命題者的青睞。以下是常見的考點：

　　1.常見的強調句結構是it引導的句子。

　　It is/was +被強調部分+ that/who + 句子其他部分。此結構強調的成分僅限于主語、賓語和狀語。

　　It is from the sun that we get light and heat.

　　2.一般疑問句的強調結構句型為:Is/Was it + 被強調部分 + that/who···?

　　Is it from the sun that we get light and heat? 強調

　　強調結構(It is/was + 被強調部分 + that/who···)因其實用性強、易與其他句型結合、創(chuàng)新力度大而受到命題者的青睞。以下是常見的考點：

　　3.特殊疑問句的強調結構句型為: 特殊疑問詞( Who/What/When/Where/Why/How···)+is/was it that···?

　　Why was it that Li Lei came late again?

　　這類強調結構置于從句中時應使用陳述句語序。

　　The question is who it is that we can trust.

　　4.not···until···句式的強調有固定的句型,

　　即It is/was not until···that···

　　It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs. 倒裝

　　倒裝可分為“全部倒裝”和“部分倒裝”。句子是全部倒裝還是部分倒裝往往取決于位于句首的詞語。因此,弄清具有倒裝要求的標志詞是解題的關鍵。 一、全部倒裝

　　將整個謂語提到主語之前的稱為全部倒裝。常見的有:

　　1. 用于“there (here, now, then)+不及物動詞+主語”的句型中,或以in, out, down, up, away等副詞開頭的句子里,以示強調。

　　There goes the bell.

　　注意:當上面的主語是人稱代詞時,盡管副詞位于句首,主謂語序不倒裝。

　　2. 表示方位意義的介詞短語或副詞短語位于句首作狀語,謂語動詞為be,表示“位于、存在”的動詞或“位置移動”的單個不及物動詞時。

　　From the valley came a frightening sound.

　　3. 作表語的形容詞、分詞、介詞短語放在句首時。 Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people. 倒裝

　　將謂語的一部分(即情態(tài)動詞、系動詞或助動詞)提到主語之前的稱為部分倒裝。如果句中沒有情態(tài)動詞、系動詞或助動詞,謂語只是一個實義動詞,要在主語前加助動詞do, does或did,主語后的實義動詞用原形。常見的有: 二、部分倒裝

　　1. 當“so/such···that···”結構中的so或such位于句首時,構成部分倒裝句。

　　2. 當具有否定意義的詞(no,not,never, neither, nor, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not only, no sooner, by no means, in no case/way, at no time, etc.)位于句首時, 以及有not only···but (also), no sooner···than, hardly···when, scarcely···when等結構時,要用部分倒裝。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

　　Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 倒裝 二、部分倒裝

　　注意：

　　①當not until引導主從復合句時，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。

　　②只有當not only···but also連接兩個分句時，才在第一個分句用倒裝結構。如果置于句首的not only···but also僅連接兩個并列詞語，不可用倒裝結構。

　　Not only you but also I am fond of music. 倒裝 二、部分倒裝

　　3. only位于句首,修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句時,要用部分倒裝。

　　注意: only修飾狀語從句時,主句倒裝,從句不倒裝; Only修飾的不是狀語時,則不用倒裝語序。

　　Only in this way, can you learn English well.

　　Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

　　如果句子為主從復合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。

　　Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 倒裝 二、部分倒裝

　　4. 當as/though引導讓步狀語從句時,可出現(xiàn)“名詞/形容詞/副詞/分詞 + as + 主語 + 動詞”或“動詞 + as + 主語 + 助動詞”的倒裝形式。當表語是名詞時,名詞前不加任何冠詞。句首是實義動詞, 其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語, 隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。

　　Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily.

　　注意:

　　讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時,后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。 倒裝

　　二、部分倒裝

　　5. 當however, no matter how引導讓步狀語從句時,常把however/no matter how + 形容詞/副詞放在句首,此時主謂不倒裝。

　　6. 虛擬條件句的倒裝

　　虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were, should或had, 可將if省略，再把were, should或had 移到從句句首，實行倒裝。 Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.

　　Had you come earlier, you would have met him.=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.　

　　Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain,

　　the crops would be saved. 例 1 （2009·江西）It was

　　he came back from Africa that year

　　he met the girl he would like to marry.

　　A. when; then

　　B. not; until

　　C. not until; that

　　D. only; when 強調句型。根據(jù)It is···that 結構可知。

　　剖析 例 2 （2009·安徽）

　　a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.

　　A. It has

　　B. They have

　　C. It remains

　　D. There remains

　　there be句型的考查。

　　剖析 例 3 （2009·湖南） You and I could hardly work together,

　　?

　　A. could you

　　B. couldn’t I

　　C. couldn’t we

　　D. could we

　　反義疑問句的用法。根據(jù)陳述部分是肯定形式，疑問部分用否定形式；反之。陳述部分中含有否定詞hardly，故疑問部分用肯定形式，主語是you and I，故應選D。

　　剖析 例 4 （2009·江西） Some of you may have finished unit one.

　　, you can go on to unit two.

　　A. If you may

　　B. If you do

　　C. If not

　　D. If so 省略句的用法。If so = If you have done that/so。

　　剖析 例 5 （2009·陜西） Little

　　about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.

　　A. did Rose care

　　B. Rose did care

　　C. Rose does care

　　D. does Rose care

　　little是具有否定意義的詞，位于句首時句子用部分倒裝。見部分倒裝第2條。

　　剖析 例 6 （2009·山東） So sudden

　　that the enemy had no time to escape.

　　A. did the attack

　　B. the attack did

　　C. was the attack

　　D. the attack was

　　so···that···, such···that···的句子結構中，若so, such 和與其所修飾的詞置于句首，實行部分倒裝，sudden是形容詞，作表語，所以選C。

　　剖析