2024高考英語備考復(fù)習(xí):高考動(dòng)詞梳理總結(jié)
2024高考動(dòng)詞梳理總結(jié)一
概述
主要涉及的考點(diǎn)有:常見動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞近義詞辨析;及物動(dòng)詞常被誤為不及物動(dòng)詞;特定語境中常見動(dòng)詞的基本用法和辨析:develop發(fā)展——沖洗;meet見面——滿足;cover覆蓋——涉及等;拼寫形式不同而容易混淆的動(dòng)詞有:hang(hanged絞死,hung懸掛);lay(laid, laid)放置;lie(lied, lied)說慌;lie(lay, lain)平臥等。
熱點(diǎn)1
幾個(gè)常見的謂語動(dòng)詞
常見動(dòng)詞及其搭配是動(dòng)詞類的熱點(diǎn),非常值得注意。以下歸納幾個(gè)常見動(dòng)詞,其目的就是要讓考生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過程中學(xué)會(huì)不斷積累和總結(jié)。
1.關(guān)于make
(1)make當(dāng)“做、制造”解時(shí),可跟雙賓語,間接賓語用for 引導(dǎo)。如:
He’ll make me a kite.=He’ll make a kite for me.他將給我制作一個(gè)風(fēng)箏。
(2)make通常與一些表示動(dòng)作的名詞連用。如:
① make a study/trip/promise/movement/statement/dive/request/change/fire/demand/
speech/report/face/plan/success/living/difference
②make an explanation/experiment/excuse/effect(影響)/apology…to sb
----have effect on sth
③ make preparations/room…for sb
(make progress with~~在哪方面取得進(jìn)步)
④ make one’s way/bread/ tea/ coffee/up one’s mind/no answer
(3)make作使役動(dòng)詞時(shí),表示 “使…做某事、使…成為',可跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),其中的賓補(bǔ)可以是:
①形容詞:They are trying to make our country beautiful.他們?cè)谂κ刮覀儑?guó)家變得美麗。
②名詞:I would make you a star。我會(huì)使你成為一個(gè)明星。
③過去分詞:What made him so frightened?什么使他如此害怕?
④省去to 的不定式:The boy made faces just to make the other students laugh.這個(gè)男孩做鬼臉只是為了使其他孩子發(fā)笑。
注意:make在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中一定要接帶to的不定式。
No one is ever made to be hero.沒有天生的英雄。
[典例1]The regulations were made_____ children
after the accidents.
A. protect
B. to protect
C. protecting
D. to be protected
解析 B 在句中因?yàn)閙ake用的是被動(dòng)語態(tài),故其后一定要接帶to的不定式,作主語補(bǔ)足語。
⑤構(gòu)成:make it +adj. +to do sth./that-clause使(做)某事成為……。
[典例2]The manager, ______it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us ,left the meeting room.(江西卷)
A. who has made
B. having made
C. made
D. making
解析:關(guān)于make用法的考查。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可以判斷,主句為:The manager left the meeting room.,中間的部分為分詞短語作狀語,且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句left動(dòng)作之前,而又并非現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故排除A。現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式先于主句的謂語動(dòng)詞而發(fā)生,故選B。
(4)make作“制造、組成”時(shí)構(gòu)成的詞組,常使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
①成品+be made of +原料(看得出原料)
②成品+be made from+原料(難看或看不出原料)
③原料+be made into+成品
④成品+be made by+執(zhí)行者制造者
⑤成品+be made in+地點(diǎn)
⑥物體組織+be made up of +若干成份
"由......構(gòu)成,組成的" The group is made of five students. (組成)
The company is made up of ten departments. (構(gòu)成)
’s make use of this opportunity to practice our spoken English.讓我們好好地利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)來練習(xí)英語口語。
2.關(guān)于consider
(1)作“考慮”講時(shí),可跟名詞/代詞/從句或跟連接代詞/副詞+to do或跟動(dòng)名詞連用。
Have you considered how to get there?你考慮過如何去那里了嗎?
He considered going to see them in prison.他考慮去監(jiān)獄探試他們。
(2)作“認(rèn)為……,把……當(dāng)作”講時(shí),consider+賓語+賓補(bǔ),作賓補(bǔ)的可以是名詞/形容詞/不定式(不定式完成式)。如:
I consider him to be a fool.我把他當(dāng)作一個(gè)傻子看待。
(3)注意結(jié)構(gòu):consider it + n/ adj. + to do sth.
I consider it necessary to study English.我認(rèn)為學(xué)英語很有必要。
(4)consider…(as)…表示“把(某人或某物)看作……”。如:
Most people considered him as a hero.多數(shù)人把他看成一個(gè)英雄。
[典例5] Many things_____ impossible in the past are common today.
A. considering
B. to consider
C. considered
D. being considered
解析C 動(dòng)詞consider的非謂語考查形式。剖析其結(jié)構(gòu):Many things are common today.為主句。considered 是過去分詞短語作定語修飾many things, impossible在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中為主語補(bǔ)足語。適用于“consider+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C
3.關(guān)于keep
(1)keep用作及物動(dòng)詞,表示“使……繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)”,其后的賓補(bǔ)可以是:
①現(xiàn)在分詞
如:Don’t keep your mother waiting.別讓你母親再等。
②過去分詞
如:His clothes seemed to be just pulled on to keep him covered.他的衣服像是剛剛拖起來披蓋在自己身上的。
③副詞 如:This helps to keep the cold out.這有助于御寒。
④介詞短語
如:He kept them in the classroom after school.放學(xué)后,他讓他們呆在教室里。
⑤形容詞 如:The nurses
keep her very clean.護(hù)士們將她整理得非常整法。
(2)keep作系動(dòng)詞,意為“保持、繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)”。如:keep silent/quiet/cool/fit…
(3)keep doing 與keep on doing
①表示“決心、毅力、頑強(qiáng)意志力和強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的反復(fù)”時(shí),多用keep on doing 。
如:Don’t give up hope, keep on trying.別放棄希望,要不斷努力。
②表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)常用keep doing 。如:
We’ve kept hoping to go to college. 我們一直希望上大學(xué)。
③keep/keep on一般都不能與表示短暫性動(dòng)作、心理狀態(tài)或結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞連用。
如:常不用keep(on)standing/sitting/beginning/leaving 。
[典例6]Keep ______after meals, then you’ll be in good health.
A. walking
B. sleeping
C. standing
D. sitting
解析 A keep doing的特殊用法。此種結(jié)構(gòu)一般都不能與表示短暫性動(dòng)作、心理狀態(tài)或結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞連用。而sleeping ,standing, sitting都是表示短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。故選A。
(4)其它搭配
keep back 阻止,落在后面
keep…out (of)使……在外,不讓……入內(nèi)
keep away 不接近,避開
keep …from 阻止,抑制,避免于
keep off 讓開,不接近
keep up 堅(jiān)持,繼續(xù),保持,(斗爭(zhēng))不低落
keep up with跟上,趕上,不落后于
keep in touch with與……保持聯(lián)絡(luò)
[典例7]We read the newspaper every day to ______the present affairs.
A. keep up
B. keep up with
C. catch up with
D. keep in touch with
4.關(guān)于go
(1)go的過去分詞形式gone多用作表語,意為“(人)不在了、走了”,“(物)丟了、用完了”,如:The necklace was gone.這條項(xiàng)鏈丟了。
Liu Mei is already gone.劉梅已經(jīng)走了。
比較:He is already gone.(強(qiáng)調(diào)無目的)
He has gone.(強(qiáng)調(diào)有目的、方向)
(2)go 有“……說的”之意。常用于“the story goes…據(jù)說;as the saying goes正如格言所說”。如:As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”正如格言所說,“有志者,事竟成”。
[典例8]As a Chinese old saying______, “Good fortune lies within bad, bad fortune lies within good.”
A. goes
B. say
C. is said
D. is
written
解析 A 與本詞條中的含義吻合即用在諺語前表示“……說的、叫做”。
(3)go為終止性動(dòng)詞,不與表示時(shí)間段的狀語連用。(見時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)專題)
(4)go to常與go to attend意義相同,多與一些表示活動(dòng)的名詞連用。如:
go to college/a meeting/an English party/a concert/a dance/a film/a lecture/a dinner…等。
(5)注意區(qū)別:
go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一個(gè)動(dòng)作
go on to do sth.做完一個(gè)接著干另一個(gè)
go on with sth.同一事件中斷后又接著做
He went on speaking of his war experiences.他繼續(xù)說著他的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)經(jīng)歷。
比較He went on to speak of his war experiences.(=He began speaking of them
after he had finished speaking of something else.)他做完了別的之后,又繼續(xù)說他的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)經(jīng)歷。
They went on with their work at the empty loom until late into the night.他們?cè)谝粡埧湛棽紮C(jī)上不停地工作直至深夜。
(6)其它搭配
go to rest/sleep/bed休息/睡覺
go out for a walk/ride/swim/bath/drive…外出散步/騎車/游泳/洗澡/兜風(fēng)
go shopping/fishing/shooting/swimming/walking…購(gòu)物/釣魚/射擊/游泳/散步
go about著手做,從事
go ahead 前進(jìn),進(jìn)行
go all out for sth./to do sth.全力以赴
go in for sth.從事于,酷愛,參加
go over仔細(xì)檢查,潤(rùn)色(文稿),復(fù)習(xí)
go through經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)受
go up 上漲
2024高考動(dòng)詞梳理總結(jié)一
概述
主要涉及的考點(diǎn)有:常見動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞近義詞辨析;及物動(dòng)詞常被誤為不及物動(dòng)詞;特定語境中常見動(dòng)詞的基本用法和辨析:develop發(fā)展——沖洗;meet見面——滿足;cover覆蓋——涉及等;拼寫形式不同而容易混淆的動(dòng)詞有:hang(hanged絞死,hung懸掛);lay(laid, laid)放置;lie(lied, lied)說慌;lie(lay, lain)平臥等。
熱點(diǎn)1
幾個(gè)常見的謂語動(dòng)詞
常見動(dòng)詞及其搭配是動(dòng)詞類的熱點(diǎn),非常值得注意。以下歸納幾個(gè)常見動(dòng)詞,其目的就是要讓考生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過程中學(xué)會(huì)不斷積累和總結(jié)。
1.關(guān)于make
(1)make當(dāng)“做、制造”解時(shí),可跟雙賓語,間接賓語用for 引導(dǎo)。如:
He’ll make me a kite.=He’ll make a kite for me.他將給我制作一個(gè)風(fēng)箏。
(2)make通常與一些表示動(dòng)作的名詞連用。如:
① make a study/trip/promise/movement/statement/dive/request/change/fire/demand/
speech/report/face/plan/success/living/difference
②make an explanation/experiment/excuse/effect(影響)/apology…to sb
----have effect on sth
③ make preparations/room…for sb
(make progress with~~在哪方面取得進(jìn)步)
④ make one’s way/bread/ tea/ coffee/up one’s mind/no answer
(3)make作使役動(dòng)詞時(shí),表示 “使…做某事、使…成為',可跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),其中的賓補(bǔ)可以是:
①形容詞:They are trying to make our country beautiful.他們?cè)谂κ刮覀儑?guó)家變得美麗。
②名詞:I would make you a star。我會(huì)使你成為一個(gè)明星。
③過去分詞:What made him so frightened?什么使他如此害怕?
④省去to 的不定式:The boy made faces just to make the other students laugh.這個(gè)男孩做鬼臉只是為了使其他孩子發(fā)笑。
注意:make在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中一定要接帶to的不定式。
No one is ever made to be hero.沒有天生的英雄。
[典例1]The regulations were made_____ children
after the accidents.
A. protect
B. to protect
C. protecting
D. to be protected
解析 B 在句中因?yàn)閙ake用的是被動(dòng)語態(tài),故其后一定要接帶to的不定式,作主語補(bǔ)足語。
⑤構(gòu)成:make it +adj. +to do sth./that-clause使(做)某事成為……。
[典例2]The manager, ______it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us ,left the meeting room.(江西卷)
A. who has made
B. having made
C. made
D. making
解析:關(guān)于make用法的考查。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可以判斷,主句為:The manager left the meeting room.,中間的部分為分詞短語作狀語,且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句left動(dòng)作之前,而又并非現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故排除A。現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式先于主句的謂語動(dòng)詞而發(fā)生,故選B。
(4)make作“制造、組成”時(shí)構(gòu)成的詞組,常使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
①成品+be made of +原料(看得出原料)
②成品+be made from+原料(難看或看不出原料)
③原料+be made into+成品
④成品+be made by+執(zhí)行者制造者
⑤成品+be made in+地點(diǎn)
⑥物體組織+be made up of +若干成份
"由......構(gòu)成,組成的" The group is made of five students. (組成)
The company is made up of ten departments. (構(gòu)成)
’s make use of this opportunity to practice our spoken English.讓我們好好地利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)來練習(xí)英語口語。
2.關(guān)于consider
(1)作“考慮”講時(shí),可跟名詞/代詞/從句或跟連接代詞/副詞+to do或跟動(dòng)名詞連用。
Have you considered how to get there?你考慮過如何去那里了嗎?
He considered going to see them in prison.他考慮去監(jiān)獄探試他們。
(2)作“認(rèn)為……,把……當(dāng)作”講時(shí),consider+賓語+賓補(bǔ),作賓補(bǔ)的可以是名詞/形容詞/不定式(不定式完成式)。如:
I consider him to be a fool.我把他當(dāng)作一個(gè)傻子看待。
(3)注意結(jié)構(gòu):consider it + n/ adj. + to do sth.
I consider it necessary to study English.我認(rèn)為學(xué)英語很有必要。
(4)consider…(as)…表示“把(某人或某物)看作……”。如:
Most people considered him as a hero.多數(shù)人把他看成一個(gè)英雄。
[典例5] Many things_____ impossible in the past are common today.
A. considering
B. to consider
C. considered
D. being considered
解析C 動(dòng)詞consider的非謂語考查形式。剖析其結(jié)構(gòu):Many things are common today.為主句。considered 是過去分詞短語作定語修飾many things, impossible在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中為主語補(bǔ)足語。適用于“consider+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C
3.關(guān)于keep
(1)keep用作及物動(dòng)詞,表示“使……繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)”,其后的賓補(bǔ)可以是:
①現(xiàn)在分詞
如:Don’t keep your mother waiting.別讓你母親再等。
②過去分詞
如:His clothes seemed to be just pulled on to keep him covered.他的衣服像是剛剛拖起來披蓋在自己身上的。
③副詞 如:This helps to keep the cold out.這有助于御寒。
④介詞短語
如:He kept them in the classroom after school.放學(xué)后,他讓他們呆在教室里。
⑤形容詞 如:The nurses
keep her very clean.護(hù)士們將她整理得非常整法。
(2)keep作系動(dòng)詞,意為“保持、繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)”。如:keep silent/quiet/cool/fit…
(3)keep doing 與keep on doing
①表示“決心、毅力、頑強(qiáng)意志力和強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的反復(fù)”時(shí),多用keep on doing 。
如:Don’t give up hope, keep on trying.別放棄希望,要不斷努力。
②表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)常用keep doing 。如:
We’ve kept hoping to go to college. 我們一直希望上大學(xué)。
③keep/keep on一般都不能與表示短暫性動(dòng)作、心理狀態(tài)或結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞連用。
如:常不用keep(on)standing/sitting/beginning/leaving 。
[典例6]Keep ______after meals, then you’ll be in good health.
A. walking
B. sleeping
C. standing
D. sitting
解析 A keep doing的特殊用法。此種結(jié)構(gòu)一般都不能與表示短暫性動(dòng)作、心理狀態(tài)或結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞連用。而sleeping ,standing, sitting都是表示短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。故選A。
(4)其它搭配
keep back 阻止,落在后面
keep…out (of)使……在外,不讓……入內(nèi)
keep away 不接近,避開
keep …from 阻止,抑制,避免于
keep off 讓開,不接近
keep up 堅(jiān)持,繼續(xù),保持,(斗爭(zhēng))不低落
keep up with跟上,趕上,不落后于
keep in touch with與……保持聯(lián)絡(luò)
[典例7]We read the newspaper every day to ______the present affairs.
A. keep up
B. keep up with
C. catch up with
D. keep in touch with
4.關(guān)于go
(1)go的過去分詞形式gone多用作表語,意為“(人)不在了、走了”,“(物)丟了、用完了”,如:The necklace was gone.這條項(xiàng)鏈丟了。
Liu Mei is already gone.劉梅已經(jīng)走了。
比較:He is already gone.(強(qiáng)調(diào)無目的)
He has gone.(強(qiáng)調(diào)有目的、方向)
(2)go 有“……說的”之意。常用于“the story goes…據(jù)說;as the saying goes正如格言所說”。如:As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”正如格言所說,“有志者,事竟成”。
[典例8]As a Chinese old saying______, “Good fortune lies within bad, bad fortune lies within good.”
A. goes
B. say
C. is said
D. is
written
解析 A 與本詞條中的含義吻合即用在諺語前表示“……說的、叫做”。
(3)go為終止性動(dòng)詞,不與表示時(shí)間段的狀語連用。(見時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)專題)
(4)go to常與go to attend意義相同,多與一些表示活動(dòng)的名詞連用。如:
go to college/a meeting/an English party/a concert/a dance/a film/a lecture/a dinner…等。
(5)注意區(qū)別:
go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一個(gè)動(dòng)作
go on to do sth.做完一個(gè)接著干另一個(gè)
go on with sth.同一事件中斷后又接著做
He went on speaking of his war experiences.他繼續(xù)說著他的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)經(jīng)歷。
比較He went on to speak of his war experiences.(=He began speaking of them
after he had finished speaking of something else.)他做完了別的之后,又繼續(xù)說他的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)經(jīng)歷。
They went on with their work at the empty loom until late into the night.他們?cè)谝粡埧湛棽紮C(jī)上不停地工作直至深夜。
(6)其它搭配
go to rest/sleep/bed休息/睡覺
go out for a walk/ride/swim/bath/drive…外出散步/騎車/游泳/洗澡/兜風(fēng)
go shopping/fishing/shooting/swimming/walking…購(gòu)物/釣魚/射擊/游泳/散步
go about著手做,從事
go ahead 前進(jìn),進(jìn)行
go all out for sth./to do sth.全力以赴
go in for sth.從事于,酷愛,參加
go over仔細(xì)檢查,潤(rùn)色(文稿),復(fù)習(xí)
go through經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)受
go up 上漲