選 修 8

　　Units 3～

　　專項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法十　情景交際

　　要點(diǎn)精析

　　一、告別(Farewells)

　　常用表達(dá)法：

　　1．I'm afraid I must be leaving/going now.

　　I think it's time for us to leave now.

　　It's time I met/did.../I had to go now.

　　It's about time I was going, I'm afraid.

　　2．Goodbye! (Bye－bye! Bye！)

　　See you later/tomorrow.(See you.)

　　Good night.

　　3．Keep in touch.

　　Mention/Remember me to your family.

　　Say hello to your parents.

　　I'm glad to have met you and your friends. Hope to meet you again.

　　It's very good of you to come to see me off.

　　Have a pleasant journey.

　　Take care. Bye!

　　Goodbye and good luck.

　　Drop in again whenever you have time.

　　Please give my best regards to your parents.

　　注意：

　　(1)當(dāng)彼此雙方作短暫告別時(shí)，可以使用如Goodbye.; Bye－bye.; See you.; See you later.等表達(dá)法。

　　(2)如若去送別某人且雙方分別時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，甚至再也見(jiàn)不到雙方了，則一般在說(shuō)Goodbye前用比較正式且嚴(yán)肅的告別用語(yǔ)，如Take care.; Give my best wishes to your family.。

　　(3)人們經(jīng)常使用揮手來(lái)表示告別。

　　(4)告別時(shí)，易犯漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣式的表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤：I've wasted a lot of your time.和I'm sorry to have taken up so much of your time.后者主要是用在你請(qǐng)別人花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間幫忙時(shí)。

　　(5)如果你不想掃了其他客人的興致，而你又必須提前離開，按照中國(guó)人的習(xí)慣，則常用：“I'll go first.; I'm leaving now.”來(lái)表示“先走一步，你們繼續(xù)談吧”，但是按照英美人的習(xí)慣，卻應(yīng)說(shuō)：I'm afraid I have to go now. But don't let me break up the party.(恐怕我現(xiàn)在得走了，但不要因?yàn)槲抑袛嗔司蹠?huì)。)另外，送客時(shí)國(guó)外一般只送到大門口，作為客人無(wú)需說(shuō)：Stay where you are.; Don't come any further.等，這并不是西方人不夠熱情，而是中外文化傳統(tǒng)不同罷了。

　　二、感謝和應(yīng)答(Thanks and responses)

　　常用表達(dá)法：

　　1．Thank you (very much)．/Thanks a lot./Many thanks./Thanks for.../I really don't know how I can thank you enough.

　　2．It's very kind of you to.../Not at all./It's.../That's all right(OK)．/You're welcome./I'm very glad you enjoyed it./It's a pleasure./My pleasure./Please don't mention it./It was nothing./Forget it.

　　注意：

　　(1)感謝的表達(dá)法在國(guó)外幾乎用于一切場(chǎng)合，家人之間、陌生人之間、師生之間等等，哪怕是一件小事情，甚至是理所當(dāng)然的事，也得說(shuō)聲謝謝。但不能“謝”得過(guò)頭，否則會(huì)被認(rèn)為是一種不真誠(chéng)，更不要照搬中國(guó)的“道歉式致謝”方式，如：I'm sorry to have wasted your time.

　　(2)在大多數(shù)場(chǎng)合，僅說(shuō)：Thanks.; Thank you.; Thanks a lot.是不夠的，還需說(shuō)些其它表示感激和非常高興之類的話。如感謝別人的宴請(qǐng)，可以這么說(shuō)：The dinner was delicious. Thank you for your invitation.

　　三、道歉、遺憾和應(yīng)答(Apologies, regrets, sympathies & responses)

　　常用表達(dá)法：

　　1．Sorry./Pardon.

　　I'm terribly/awfully sorry./I'm sorry for(about)．..

　　I'm sorry to.../have done that...

　　I apologize.

　　Forgive me (for...)．

　　I really didn't mean that at all.

　　2．Excuse me (for...)

　　Be afraid that...

　　What a pity/shame！/It's a pity that...

　　3．That's all right.

　　It doesn't matter.

　　That's nothing.

　　Don't worry about it.

　　Never mind./Forget it.

　　It can't be helped.

　　It's OK.

　　It really isn't worth mentioning.

　　注意：

　　(1)道歉場(chǎng)合很多，用語(yǔ)也很多，有時(shí)候，在一些特殊情況下，我們也得考慮要求別人為某人或某事道歉。比如我們有時(shí)覺(jué)得朋友受到不公正待遇時(shí)，可以理直氣壯地向?qū)Ψ秸f(shuō)：I'm sorry, but I had to say that you owe my friend an apology./Apologize to him for your rudeness.

　　(2)無(wú)論是向別人道歉還是回答別人的道歉，一定要注意語(yǔ)言和表情的一致性，即神情一定要誠(chéng)懇，另外，說(shuō)道歉用語(yǔ)時(shí)，一律須用降調(diào)。

　　四、邀請(qǐng)和應(yīng)答(Invitations and responses)

　　常用表達(dá)法：

　　1．Will you come to...?

　　Would you like to...?

　　I'd like to invite you to...

　　We'd be very pleased if you could come to dinner this evening.

　　Why don't you...?

　　Perhaps you'd care to...?

　　(2)Oh./Sure, why not?

　　OK. That's a terrific/great idea.

　　That sounds very nice.

　　Yes, I'd love to (...)．

　　Yes, it's very kind/nice of you.

　　(3)I'd love to, but...

　　I'm really sorry, I can't.

　　I'm afraid I can't because...

　　注意：

　　(1)如果不是見(jiàn)面時(shí)的臨時(shí)邀請(qǐng)，在西方，特別是關(guān)系不是很親近的人，往往在一到兩個(gè)星期前提出，以便對(duì)方能調(diào)整自己的時(shí)間表。

　　(2)無(wú)論是書面還是口頭邀請(qǐng)，都有多種表達(dá)法，但要注意避免使用命令式的口氣。如：You come to our dinner this evening.

　　(3)在被邀請(qǐng)時(shí)，如若不去，應(yīng)當(dāng)找出適當(dāng)?shù)睦碛上驅(qū)Ψ秸f(shuō)明，免得對(duì)方誤認(rèn)為你不愿意與其交往。當(dāng)然作為邀請(qǐng)者，你也可以在表示遺憾時(shí)，對(duì)他說(shuō)沒(méi)關(guān)系，以后還可以找機(jī)會(huì)。

　　五、提供(幫助等)和應(yīng)答(Offers and responses)

　　常用表達(dá)法：

　　1．Can/Could/Shall I help you?

　　Would you like me to...?

　　Is there anything(else)I can do for you?

　　Do you want me to...?

　　What can I do for you?

　　Let me do/carry/help...(for you)．

　　Would you like some...?

　　2．Thanks. That would be nice/fine.

　　That's very kind of you.

　　Thank you for your help.

　　Yes, please.

　　Here, take this/my...

　　3．No, thanks/thank you.

　　No, thanks/thank you. I can manage it myself.

　　Thank you all the same.

　　That's very kind of you, but...

　　六、請(qǐng)求、允許和應(yīng)答(Asking for permission and responses)

　　常用表達(dá)法：

　　1．May I．..?

　　Can/Could I．..?

　　I wonder if I could...

　　Would/Do you mind if I open the window?

　　May I ask a favor of you?

　　Would you do me a favor?

　　Be kind enough to tell me the truth.

　　2．Yes./Sure./Certainly.

　　Yes, (do) please.

　　Of course(you may)．

　　Go ahead, please.

　　That's OK/all right.

　　Not at all.

　　Well, if I can.

　　I'd be glad to.

　　With pleasure.

　　3．I'm sorry, you can't.

　　I'm sorry, but...

　　You'd better not.

　　I'd like to, but I．..

　　注意：在此類交際項(xiàng)目的肯定表述中，With pleasure一定要與表示回答感謝的It's a pleasure/My pleasure.區(qū)別開來(lái)。

　　七、打電話(Making phone calls)

　　常用表達(dá)法：

　　1．Hello! Is(Tom)in?

　　May/Could I speak to...?

　　Is that...(speaking)?

　　Can you put me through to 34284390?

　　I'd like the number of the Peace Hotel, please.

　　2．Hold on a moment, please.

　　Just a minute, please.

　　Hello, who is it?

　　He/She isn't here right now.

　　Can I take a message for you?

　　Someone wants you on the telephone.

　　Do you want to leave a message?

　　Sorry, you've dialed the wrong number.

　　3．Hello, this is...speaking.

　　I called to tell/ask you...

　　注意：

　　(1)打電話時(shí)，第一個(gè)詞便是Hello，它不像中文中的“喂”那樣連喊幾聲，只要說(shuō)一次就可以了，緊接著可自報(bào)姓名，告訴對(duì)方你是誰(shuí)，并告知想與某人通話。

　　(2)如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)方要找的是另一個(gè)人，或撥錯(cuò)了號(hào)碼，這時(shí)，你最好能重復(fù)一下你的號(hào)碼，然后應(yīng)很快告訴對(duì)方，可以使用簡(jiǎn)單回答：Sorry, wrong number.不要一聲不響地就掛斷電話。同樣，若是你撥錯(cuò)了號(hào)碼也應(yīng)該這樣做。

　　(3)另外，特別注意打電話用語(yǔ)中英漢的差別。比如說(shuō)：你是誰(shuí)？我是……。

　　八、考綱以外的表達(dá)法

　　現(xiàn)在有許多考題雖然考查環(huán)境屬于大綱里，但是其語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用已超越了大綱范圍，比如：2003年高考：No way(沒(méi)門); 2000年：Yes, sir?

　　九、易混的習(xí)慣應(yīng)答語(yǔ)

　　1．I couldn't agree more./I don't agree.

　　前者意為“我非常贊同”，后者意為“我不同意”，意思正好相反。

　　—Go for a picnic this weekend, OK?

　　周末去野餐，好嗎？

　　—I couldn't agree more. I love getting close to nature.

　　我完全贊同。我喜歡親近大自然。(對(duì)意見(jiàn)的贊同)

　　2．Don't mention it./Forget it.

　　—I'd like to take a week's holiday.

　　我想休一周的假。

　　—Forget it; we're as busy as a bee.

　　別想了，我們都忙得不可開交了。(不可能)

　　②—I'm terribly sorry I broke your glass.

　　十分對(duì)不起，把你的水杯打碎了。

　　—You can forget it.

　　沒(méi)關(guān)系，別放在心上。(沒(méi)關(guān)系、別在意)

　　—What were you saying just now? I didn' hear.

　　你剛才說(shuō)了些什么？我沒(méi)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。

　　—Oh, nothing, forget it.

　　沒(méi)什么，不值得一提。(別提它了，表不愿重復(fù)所說(shuō)的話)

　　④—Thanks for the ride home!

　　謝謝坐你的車回家。

　　—Don't mention it.

　　區(qū)區(qū)小事，何足掛齒。(致謝應(yīng)答語(yǔ)，譯作“不用謝”)

　　3．No doubt./No wonder.

　　“No doubt.”表示對(duì)別人的意見(jiàn)完全贊同，是“There is no doubt that...”的省略，意為“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，確實(shí)如此”。

　　“No wonder.”是對(duì)肯定推測(cè)的回答，是“It's no wonder that...”的省略，上下句常為因果關(guān)系，意為“難怪，不足為奇”。

　　—He is always working till far into the night.

　　他總是學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。

　　—No wonder, he is admitted into Peking University.

　　難怪，他考上北大了。

　　4．Sure, go ahead./No, go ahead.

　　都可以用作征求對(duì)方應(yīng)允的答語(yǔ)。前者用于回答“I wonder if...”或“May/Can I．..”，意為“當(dāng)然可以，請(qǐng)吧”。后者用于回答“Do/Would you mind if I do/did...”，意為“不介意，請(qǐng)吧”。

　　①—Could I ask you a rather personal question?

　　我能問(wèn)你一個(gè)個(gè)人問(wèn)題嗎？

　　—Sure, go ahead.

　　當(dāng)然可以。問(wèn)吧。

　　—Would you mind me opening the door? It's too hot.

　　我把門打開你不介意吧？太熱了。

　　—No, go ahead.

　　不介意，開吧。

　　5．No way./No problem.

　　“No way.”表示強(qiáng)烈否定對(duì)方的主張和申請(qǐng)，類似于“Of course not.”，意為“沒(méi)門兒，辦不到”。

　　“No problem.”用于回答對(duì)方的道歉，譯作“沒(méi)什么”；也用于接受別人的請(qǐng)求，意為“沒(méi)問(wèn)題”。

　　—I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.

　　我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該給珍妮打電話向她賠個(gè)不是。

　　—No way. It was her fault.

　　想都別想，是她的錯(cuò)。

　　②—I don't have any change with me. Will you pay the fare for me?

　　我身上沒(méi)零錢。你為我付費(fèi)好嗎？

　　—No problem.

　　沒(méi)問(wèn)題。

　　6．With pleasure./My pleasure.

　　“With pleasure.”是接受請(qǐng)求和邀請(qǐng)的用語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“OK.”，意為“樂(lè)意效勞，非常愿意”。

　　“My pleasure.”是致謝的應(yīng)答語(yǔ)，類似表達(dá)還有It's a pleasure./Not at all./That's all right./You're welcome./That's OK./Don't mention it.等。

　　①—Would you do me a favor and give me a ride?

　　借個(gè)光，能讓我搭個(gè)便車嗎？

　　—With pleasure.

　　樂(lè)意效勞。

　　—It's been a wonderful evening. That's very kind of you.

　　這是多么美妙的一個(gè)晚上啊。太謝謝你了。

　　—My pleasure.

　　不用謝。

　　7．Congratulations./Glad to hear that./Good luck.

　　“Congratulations.”用于對(duì)個(gè)人表示祝賀，如實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)或取得勝利，但不用于節(jié)日祝賀。

　　“Glad to hear that.”是聽(tīng)到別人喜訊時(shí)的應(yīng)答語(yǔ)。

　　當(dāng)別人要旅行或要從事某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)時(shí)，向?qū)Ψ奖硎咀Ｔ赣谩癎ood luck.”。

　　①—I had a really good weekend at my uncle's.

　　在我叔叔家，我周末確實(shí)玩得很開心。

　　—Oh, I'm glad to hear that.

　　聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息我非常高興。

　　②—I'm taking my driving test tomorrow.

　　明天我要去考駕照。

　　—Good luck!

　　祝你好運(yùn)！

　　—After ten years of hard work, I have eventually passed the entrance exam.

　　歷經(jīng)十年的辛苦努力，我終于通過(guò)了入學(xué)考試。

　　—Congratulations! 祝賀你！

　　8．That's right./That's all right./All right./It's right.

　　“That's right.”可省略為“Right.”，用于肯定對(duì)方對(duì)某事物的看法，意為“對(duì)，沒(méi)錯(cuò)”。

　　“That's all right.”可以作致謝應(yīng)答語(yǔ)，意為“不用謝”；作請(qǐng)求允許的應(yīng)答語(yǔ)，意為“不介意”；還可作遺憾和抱歉的應(yīng)答語(yǔ)，表示“沒(méi)關(guān)系”。

　　“All right.” 表示同意對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。

　　“It's all right.”拒絕別人幫助時(shí)的用語(yǔ)。

　　—James, I am sorry I used your computer when you were away this morning.

　　詹姆斯，對(duì)不起，今天上午你不在時(shí)我用了你的電腦。

　　—That's all right. 沒(méi)關(guān)系。

　　運(yùn)用提升

　　1．(2011·新課標(biāo)，21)—We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party.

　　—Yes, ________？ I'll give them a call right now.

　　A．why not

　　B．what for

　　C．why

　　D．what

　　答案：A　本題考查交際用語(yǔ)。句意：——我們邀請(qǐng)約翰和巴巴拉參加周五的晚會(huì)。——好啊！我馬上給他們打電話。why not“好啊”，表示同意對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，符合題意。what for“為了什么？”why“為什么？”what“什么？”都不符合語(yǔ)境。

　　2．(2011·新課標(biāo)，35)—Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes.

　　—Well, you married one.________.