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2024屆廣東省廣州市高考英語一輪復習試題精選:單項填空(定語從句)(含解析)

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2024屆廣東省廣州市高考英語一輪復習試題精選:單項填空(定語從句)(含解析)

  定語從句

  一、考點解讀

  定語從句考查的重點是關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)分及“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”型的定語從句,其中對as,which,whose用法的考查也比較多。考查方式由知識結(jié)構(gòu)的單一性向綜合性、交叉性轉(zhuǎn)變;由重點考查關(guān)系代詞向 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”以及關(guān)系副詞轉(zhuǎn)變。學習時尤其要注意以下兩種定語從句:1. 使用where而非“地點”型定語從句。定語從句的先行詞是mark, situation, case, point, scene, business等名詞而且從句缺少狀語時,要使用where表示“一種特定的……情況”或“一個特定的……場合”。2. “分裂”型定語從句。即運用插入語、介詞、副詞短語等手段使先行詞遠離關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞,以達到增加試題難度的效果。

  二、題例精講

  ()1.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T- shirt,________

  is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

  A.this  

  B.that C.what 

  D.which

  【解析】 D 本題考查非限制性定語從句。which代表前面的整個句子的內(nèi)容,指特德只穿短褲和T恤衫來度周末這件事。this和that均構(gòu)成單句,逗號不能連接兩個單句;what不是關(guān)系代詞,不引導定語從句。

  ()2.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,________it will keep for two or three weeks.

  A.when

  B.which

  C.where

  D.while

  【解析】 C 考查定語從句。首先注意本句中的keep表示“(食物)保持不壞”,如:Finish off the pie—it won't keep.(把餡餅吃了吧——擱不住。);其次從句的主語it指代的是Whatever is left over(剩下的任何東西),從句的全句為:Whatever is left over will keep for two or three weeks in the refrigerator. 先行詞為refrigerator,在從句中作地點狀語,故選C。

  ()3.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others,________, of course, made all the others upset.

  A.who

  B.which

  C.what

  D.that

  【解析】 B 考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。去掉干擾成分of course后,題干會更清晰。可以看出,使大家不安的是前面所說的事情,即:Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others,代替前面所說的一件事情,要用which引導的非限制性定語從句。

  ()4.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.

  A. which

  B. where

  C. what

  D. who

  【解析】 A 本題考查定語從句。句意:她具有給學生創(chuàng)設(shè)一種允許他們自由交流的氛圍的天賦。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,定語從句“________allows them to communicate freely with each other”修飾先行詞atmosphere,將先行詞代入從句后為:The atmosphere allows them to communicate freely with each other.由此可知先行詞在定語從句中作主語,而且指代物,所以須用關(guān)系代詞which,故正確答案為A項。

  ()5.Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of

  ________ she

  spoke fluently.

  A.who

  B.whom

  C.which

  D.that

  【解析】 C 本題考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知“all of ________”引導非限制性定語從句,修飾指代物的“German, French and Russian”,故排除A、B兩項,又根據(jù)that不能引導非限制性定語從句,故選C。

  ()6. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction________ had taken more than three years.

  A.for which

  B.with which

  C.of which

  D.to which

  【解析】 C 考查定語從句。句意為:她帶參觀者在博物館里到處參觀,這家博物館的建設(shè)花了三年多時間。

  ()7.The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.

  A.that

  B.which

  C.whose

  D.what

  【解析】 C 本題考查定語從句引導詞的用法。本空在定語從句中作story的定語,因此用 whose。

  ()8.The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other.

  A.they

  B.where

  C.what

  D.that

  【解析】 D 本題考查定語從句。從結(jié)構(gòu)判斷,houses后面是一個定語從句,先行詞在從句中作主語,因此用that引導。

  ()9.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, ________we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

  A.which

  B.where

  C.who

  D.that

  【解析】 B 考查定語從句。分析句子成分可知,此處為非限制性定語從句,先行詞是the top of the hill,在此處指地點,關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞where,選B。其余選項與題意不符。

  ()10.The school shop, ________customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.

  A.which

  B.whose

  C.when

  D.where

  【解析】 B 本題考查定語從句。此處是whose引導的非限制性定語從句,在定語從句中作customers的定語。句意為“這個學校商店——其顧客大多是學生——因此放假就關(guān)門了。”

  ()11. The days are gone___ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

  A.when

  B.that

  C.where

  D.which

  【解析】 A 考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。解題時要注意,關(guān)系詞和先行詞被are gone隔離。引導一個定語從句,代替表示時間的先行詞the days,在從句中作時間狀語,所以要用關(guān)系副詞when。句意為:全靠體力謀生的日子已經(jīng)一去不復返了。

  ()12.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of

  ________uses it somewhat differently.

  A.which

  B.what

  C.them

  D.those

  【解析】 A 考查定語從句。本句中的先行詞是several diverse cultures,在從句中作of的賓語,所以應用關(guān)系代詞which。

  ()13.A bank is the place________ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

  A.when

  B.that

  C.where

  D.there

  【解析】 C 考查定語從句。本句中的先行詞是the place,先行詞在定語從句中作地點狀語,所以用關(guān)系副詞where。

  三、模擬試題

  ()1.The small town is just the one you know ____

  I used to work when I was young.

  A.that

  B.which

  C.what

  D.where

  【解析】 D 考查定語從句。分析語境邏輯和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,先行詞the one在從句中作地點狀語,因此該空應填where引導的定語從句。做題時應注意先行詞與定語從句之間出現(xiàn)的插入語you know。

  ()2.The hardships of my early life constantly remind me to provide the best environment for my son,________, I have to admit, may result in a little spoiling(溺愛).

  A.that

  B.which

  C.what

  D.who

  【解析】 B 考查定語從句。I have to admit作插入語, which在此引導非限制性定語從句, 充當從句的主語, 代指前面句子的內(nèi)容。由此可以排除其他選項。

  ()3.As a result of our serious staff shortages, the situation has risen

  ________

  we have to hire graduating college students for help.

  A.that

  B.when

  C.where

  D.As

  【解析】 C 考查定語從句。把從句補充完整:We have to hire graduating college students for help in the situation,可以看出,先行詞為the situation在從句中作狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞where,因此答案為C。

  ()4.As soon as you get home from school, think about the order

  ________

  you will do homework and how much time you will spend on each one.

  A.of which

  B.in which

  C.through which

  D.a(chǎn)t which

  【解析】 B 考查定語從句。此題從搭配入手,in…order意為“按照……順序”,此題即可迎刃而解。

  ()5.—Believe it or not, my sister and I are twins.

  —Oh, you must have had the case________ you were mistaken for your sister.

  A.which

  B.whose

  C.where

  D.whom

  【解析】 C 考查定語從句。語意表示“你肯定有過你被誤認為是你姐姐的情況”。where you were taken for your sister是定語從句,修飾先行詞the ease,表示的是抽象地點,where可用in which替換。

  ()6.—What does the notice say? —All the storytellers should meet at the same hall ________ won the first three prizes.

  A.what

  B.a(chǎn)s

  C.who

  D.which

  【解析】 C 考查定語從句。根據(jù)句法,這是個分隔式定語從句,從句“________won the first three prizes”缺少主語,先行詞“All the storytellers”指人,所以用關(guān)系代詞who或that,且不能省略。

  ()7.We stayed in a quiet hotel, ________.

  A.next to it was a thick wood

  B.next to which was a thick wood

  C.next to it there was a thick wood

  D.next to which a thick wood was

  【解析】 B 考查定語從句和倒裝。句意:我們居住在一個安靜的旅館,旅館附近是一片茂密的樹林。后半句是定語從句,句中的which代指hotel,從句用倒裝。

  ()8.The beautiful village,________ we spent our holiday last month, lies at the foot of a mountain.

  A.what

  B.that

  C.which

  D.where

  【解析】 D 考查定語從句。先行詞the beautiful village表地點,定語從句we spent our holiday last month中缺少狀語,所以應用關(guān)系副詞where。

  ()9.We hope the measures to control house prices, ________ are taken by the

  government, will succeed.

  A.which

  B.that

  C.what

  D.a(chǎn)s

  【解析】 A 考查定語從句。which 引導非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞 the measures, which 在從句中作主語。

  定語從句

  一、考點解讀

  定語從句考查的重點是關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)分及“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”型的定語從句,其中對as,which,whose用法的考查也比較多。考查方式由知識結(jié)構(gòu)的單一性向綜合性、交叉性轉(zhuǎn)變;由重點考查關(guān)系代詞向 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”以及關(guān)系副詞轉(zhuǎn)變。學習時尤其要注意以下兩種定語從句:1. 使用where而非“地點”型定語從句。定語從句的先行詞是mark, situation, case, point, scene, business等名詞而且從句缺少狀語時,要使用where表示“一種特定的……情況”或“一個特定的……場合”。2. “分裂”型定語從句。即運用插入語、介詞、副詞短語等手段使先行詞遠離關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞,以達到增加試題難度的效果。

  二、題例精講

  ()1.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T- shirt,________

  is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

  A.this  

  B.that C.what 

  D.which

  【解析】 D 本題考查非限制性定語從句。which代表前面的整個句子的內(nèi)容,指特德只穿短褲和T恤衫來度周末這件事。this和that均構(gòu)成單句,逗號不能連接兩個單句;what不是關(guān)系代詞,不引導定語從句。

  ()2.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,________it will keep for two or three weeks.

  A.when

  B.which

  C.where

  D.while

  【解析】 C 考查定語從句。首先注意本句中的keep表示“(食物)保持不壞”,如:Finish off the pie—it won't keep.(把餡餅吃了吧——擱不住。);其次從句的主語it指代的是Whatever is left over(剩下的任何東西),從句的全句為:Whatever is left over will keep for two or three weeks in the refrigerator. 先行詞為refrigerator,在從句中作地點狀語,故選C。

  ()3.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others,________, of course, made all the others upset.

  A.who

  B.which

  C.what

  D.that

  【解析】 B 考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。去掉干擾成分of course后,題干會更清晰。可以看出,使大家不安的是前面所說的事情,即:Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others,代替前面所說的一件事情,要用which引導的非限制性定語從句。

  ()4.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.

  A. which

  B. where

  C. what

  D. who

  【解析】 A 本題考查定語從句。句意:她具有給學生創(chuàng)設(shè)一種允許他們自由交流的氛圍的天賦。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,定語從句“________allows them to communicate freely with each other”修飾先行詞atmosphere,將先行詞代入從句后為:The atmosphere allows them to communicate freely with each other.由此可知先行詞在定語從句中作主語,而且指代物,所以須用關(guān)系代詞which,故正確答案為A項。

  ()5.Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of

  ________ she

  spoke fluently.

  A.who

  B.whom

  C.which

  D.that

  【解析】 C 本題考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知“all of ________”引導非限制性定語從句,修飾指代物的“German, French and Russian”,故排除A、B兩項,又根據(jù)that不能引導非限制性定語從句,故選C。

  ()6. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction________ had taken more than three years.

  A.for which

  B.with which

  C.of which

  D.to which

  【解析】 C 考查定語從句。句意為:她帶參觀者在博物館里到處參觀,這家博物館的建設(shè)花了三年多時間。

  ()7.The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.

  A.that

  B.which

  C.whose

  D.what

  【解析】 C 本題考查定語從句引導詞的用法。本空在定語從句中作story的定語,因此用 whose。

  ()8.The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other.

  A.they

  B.where

  C.what

  D.that

  【解析】 D 本題考查定語從句。從結(jié)構(gòu)判斷,houses后面是一個定語從句,先行詞在從句中作主語,因此用that引導。

  ()9.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, ________we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

  A.which

  B.where

  C.who

  D.that

  【解析】 B 考查定語從句。分析句子成分可知,此處為非限制性定語從句,先行詞是the top of the hill,在此處指地點,關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞where,選B。其余選項與題意不符。

  ()10.The school shop, ________customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.

  A.which

  B.whose

  C.when

  D.where

  【解析】 B 本題考查定語從句。此處是whose引導的非限制性定語從句,在定語從句中作customers的定語。句意為“這個學校商店——其顧客大多是學生——因此放假就關(guān)門了。”

  ()11. The days are gone___ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

  A.when

  B.that

  C.where

  D.which

  【解析】 A 考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。解題時要注意,關(guān)系詞和先行詞被are gone隔離。引導一個定語從句,代替表示時間的先行詞the days,在從句中作時間狀語,所以要用關(guān)系副詞when。句意為:全靠體力謀生的日子已經(jīng)一去不復返了。

  ()12.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of

  ________uses it somewhat differently.

  A.which

  B.what

  C.them

  D.those

  【解析】 A 考查定語從句。本句中的先行詞是several diverse cultures,在從句中作of的賓語,所以應用關(guān)系代詞which。

  ()13.A bank is the place________ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

  A.when

  B.that

  C.where

  D.there

  【解析】 C 考查定語從句。本句中的先行詞是the place,先行詞在定語從句中作地點狀語,所以用關(guān)系副詞where。

  三、模擬試題

  ()1.The small town is just the one you know ____

  I used to work when I was young.

  A.that

  B.which

  C.what

  D.where

  【解析】 D 考查定語從句。分析語境邏輯和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,先行詞the one在從句中作地點狀語,因此該空應填where引導的定語從句。做題時應注意先行詞與定語從句之間出現(xiàn)的插入語you know。

  ()2.The hardships of my early life constantly remind me to provide the best environment for my son,________, I have to admit, may result in a little spoiling(溺愛).

  A.that

  B.which

  C.what

  D.who

  【解析】 B 考查定語從句。I have to admit作插入語, which在此引導非限制性定語從句, 充當從句的主語, 代指前面句子的內(nèi)容。由此可以排除其他選項。

  ()3.As a result of our serious staff shortages, the situation has risen

  ________

  we have to hire graduating college students for help.

  A.that

  B.when

  C.where

  D.As

  【解析】 C 考查定語從句。把從句補充完整:We have to hire graduating college students for help in the situation,可以看出,先行詞為the situation在從句中作狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞where,因此答案為C。

  ()4.As soon as you get home from school, think about the order

  ________

  you will do homework and how much time you will spend on each one.

  A.of which

  B.in which

  C.through which

  D.a(chǎn)t which

  【解析】 B 考查定語從句。此題從搭配入手,in…order意為“按照……順序”,此題即可迎刃而解。

  ()5.—Believe it or not, my sister and I are twins.

  —Oh, you must have had the case________ you were mistaken for your sister.

  A.which

  B.whose

  C.where

  D.whom

  【解析】 C 考查定語從句。語意表示“你肯定有過你被誤認為是你姐姐的情況”。where you were taken for your sister是定語從句,修飾先行詞the ease,表示的是抽象地點,where可用in which替換。

  ()6.—What does the notice say? —All the storytellers should meet at the same hall ________ won the first three prizes.

  A.what

  B.a(chǎn)s

  C.who

  D.which

  【解析】 C 考查定語從句。根據(jù)句法,這是個分隔式定語從句,從句“________won the first three prizes”缺少主語,先行詞“All the storytellers”指人,所以用關(guān)系代詞who或that,且不能省略。

  ()7.We stayed in a quiet hotel, ________.

  A.next to it was a thick wood

  B.next to which was a thick wood

  C.next to it there was a thick wood

  D.next to which a thick wood was

  【解析】 B 考查定語從句和倒裝。句意:我們居住在一個安靜的旅館,旅館附近是一片茂密的樹林。后半句是定語從句,句中的which代指hotel,從句用倒裝。

  ()8.The beautiful village,________ we spent our holiday last month, lies at the foot of a mountain.

  A.what

  B.that

  C.which

  D.where

  【解析】 D 考查定語從句。先行詞the beautiful village表地點,定語從句we spent our holiday last month中缺少狀語,所以應用關(guān)系副詞where。

  ()9.We hope the measures to control house prices, ________ are taken by the

  government, will succeed.

  A.which

  B.that

  C.what

  D.a(chǎn)s

  【解析】 A 考查定語從句。which 引導非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞 the measures, which 在從句中作主語。

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