五年高考(2011-2024)英語(yǔ)試題分項(xiàng)精解:專(zhuān)題10 定語(yǔ)從句(解析版)
1.【2024·湖南】29.It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..
A. as
B. where C. that D. which
【答案】D
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題旨在考查定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞,要求學(xué)生掌握在什么情況下用關(guān)系副詞,什么情況下用關(guān)系代詞以及各自的意義。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明,去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
24.Opposite is St.Paul's Church, ___you can hear some lovely music.
A. which
B.that
C.when
D.where
【答案】D
【解析】
試題分析:句意:對(duì)面是圣保羅教堂,在教堂里你能聽(tīng)到一些優(yōu)美的音樂(lè)。這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是St. Paul’s Church,從句主謂賓成分完整,去掉空后依然是完整的句子,可推斷出引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。用where。故選D。
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的掌握情況,做題之前先看到句子中間有沒(méi)有逗號(hào),逗號(hào)是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)志。然后再看句子中缺不缺成份,在定語(yǔ)從句中從句主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)都不缺少時(shí),應(yīng)該考慮關(guān)系副詞,所以學(xué)生需要記住這種方法。14. He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.
A. whom
B. which
C. them
D. that
【答案】B
【解析】
試題分析:句意:他寫(xiě)了許多兒童書(shū)籍,幾乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行詞是books,定語(yǔ)從句中of缺少賓語(yǔ),故選B項(xiàng)。
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】定語(yǔ)從句有一種介詞+關(guān)系代詞,用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,不及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ),就必須要求用關(guān)系副詞或介詞+關(guān)系代詞,而及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ),則要求關(guān)系代詞。Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?此類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句,首先從先行詞入手,確實(shí)主語(yǔ)是人還是物,再根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句缺少的成分來(lái)辨別到底用哪個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞。
4.【2024·浙江】19. Creating an atmosphere
employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A. as
B. whose
C. in which
D. at which
【答案】C
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句介詞加which的用法。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】解答此題
5.【2024·天津】15 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. who
【答案】A
【解析】
試題分析:句意:公司老板正盡力創(chuàng)造一種輕松的氣氛,在這種氣氛中,其員工喜歡他們的工作。句中先行詞為atmosphere,在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故用關(guān)系副詞where。根據(jù)句意可知選A。
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句是高考重點(diǎn)考查知識(shí)之一,分析定語(yǔ)從句需要牢牢抓住兩點(diǎn):第一、找準(zhǔn)先行詞。第二、看先行詞在從句中所作的成分。抓住這兩點(diǎn),再根據(jù)句意,從而能夠判斷出正確的關(guān)系詞。
6.【2024·四川】3.The books on the desk,
covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
A.which
B. what
C. whose
D. that
【答案】C
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇。本句主要考查了關(guān)系代詞whose的用法,whose在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)定語(yǔ),和其后的名詞之間存在所有關(guān)系,還是比較容易判斷的。此題中如果在covers之前加上定冠詞the,則需要用of+which結(jié)構(gòu)。即此題等同于:The books on the desk, of which the covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
7.【2024·陜西】15. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time
he should be able to be independent.
A. which
B. where
C. whom
D. when
【答案】D
【解析】
試題分析:句意:作為家里最小的孩子,Alex總是渴望他能夠有獨(dú)立的時(shí)間。這里使用定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是the time,定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),用關(guān)系副詞when,所以選D。
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句
【名師點(diǎn)睛】定語(yǔ)從句的考查主要就是考查關(guān)系詞的辨析,關(guān)系代詞that, which, whose, whom, as, who在句中做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)或者定語(yǔ);where, why, when在句中做狀語(yǔ)。要分析句子成分,看缺少什么成分,就選用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞。
34.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
A. who B. whom C. that D. Which
【答案】D
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
9.【2024·江蘇】21.The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A. it
B. which
C. what
D. as
【答案】
【解析】
試題分析:句意:。位置靈活可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末考生容易誤選B項(xiàng)which,把逗號(hào)前面的the number of smokers看成先行詞。殊不知這里關(guān)系代詞指代的是The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整個(gè)一句話(huà)。另外,as和which在定語(yǔ)從句都可以指代一句話(huà),但前者有“正如……”的意思,后者則沒(méi)有。as?is known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。
【】【名師點(diǎn)睛】考生容易誤選B項(xiàng)which,把逗號(hào)前面的the number of smokers看成先行詞。殊不知這里關(guān)系代詞指代的是The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整個(gè)一句話(huà)。另外,as和which在定語(yǔ)從句都可以指代一句話(huà),但前者有“正如……”的意思,后者則沒(méi)有。as?is known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。
10.【2024·安徽】28.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.
A. it
B. that
C. whose
D. which
【答案】D
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。在定語(yǔ)從句中,介詞后只能跟whom或which,指人用whom;指物用which。這里的先行詞是skill,指物。
2024年高考英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)解析精編版
1.【2024·重慶卷】9. We’ll reach the sales targets in a month _______ we set at the beginning of the year.
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. what
【答案】A
【解析】
試題分析:題意:再有一個(gè)月就能完成年初制訂的銷(xiāo)售目標(biāo)。which指代targets, 在從句中充當(dāng)set的賓語(yǔ),排除B、C兩項(xiàng);D項(xiàng)只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,而本題是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,故選擇A項(xiàng)。
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法。
2.【2024·北京卷】26. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me..
A.who
B. which
C. when
D. Where
【答案】B
【解析】
試題分析:本題考查定語(yǔ)從句,考查方式為選擇連接詞。根據(jù)題干信息,定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為book,定語(yǔ)從句中缺乏賓語(yǔ)(我朋友推薦給我“書(shū)”),加之逗號(hào)后為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,所以本題選B。句意:上周我從圖書(shū)館借了《福爾摩斯》,這是我的同學(xué)推薦給我的。
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。
3.【2024·天津卷】12. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _________ uses it differently.
A. all of which
B. each of which
C. all of them
D. each of them
【答案
4.【2024·山東卷】10. A company ______profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
A. which
B. whose
C. who
D. why
【答案】B
【解析】試題分析:這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,a company 是先行詞,profit和 a company是所屬關(guān)系,所以要用關(guān)系代詞whose。句意為:在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)利潤(rùn)減少的公司可能會(huì)尋求國(guó)外發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)。故答案選B。
考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法。game.
A. that
B.
as
C.
which
D. when
【答案】D
【解析】
試題分析:由句子意思分析可知,my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game .作定語(yǔ)修飾the middle of the night。即my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game in the middle of the night。定語(yǔ)從句缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),用in which / when 來(lái)連接。 因此D選項(xiàng)正確。如果在原題的短語(yǔ)the middle of the night前加個(gè)介詞in 的話(huà),那么就變成了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型(這樣去掉it was...that ...三個(gè)詞,句子意思完整,成分齊全。所以此題選A選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。句意為“ 午夜時(shí)分,我父親叫醒我去看足球賽。”。
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句。
6.【2024·四川卷】4. I now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children, ______ is quite unexpected.
A. that???? ????????????????????
B. which ?????????????
C. who??? ?????????????
D. it
【答案】B
【知識(shí)拓展】非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和并列句的區(qū)別關(guān)鍵看前后兩個(gè)句子中間是否是逗號(hào),是否有連詞,比如:
He has a daughter, who was admitted to a key university. 而He has a daughter, and she was admitted to a key university .
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法。
7.【2024·福建卷】31. Students should involve themselves in community activities
they can gain experience for growth.
A. who
B. when
C. which
D. where
【答案】D
【解析】
試題分析:這里含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,且關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故用關(guān)系副詞where,所以選D。【】被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句不同于單詞作定語(yǔ)的情況,它需要放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之后。定語(yǔ)從句一般由關(guān)系代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞必須放在定語(yǔ)從句之首。定語(yǔ)從句在句中做定語(yǔ),修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。
本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。
22. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.
A. which
B. when
C. as
D. where
【答案】D
【解析】
試題分析:考查。故正確。13. Please send us all the information _________ you have about the candidate for the position.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. what
【答案】A
【解析】試題分析:考查定語(yǔ)從句。題干中的先行詞為all the information,能夠引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的選項(xiàng)為A、B、C。as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞一般有such,as,the same等詞修飾;先行詞被all,the only,next,only,形容詞最高級(jí)等修飾時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo),故選A。
考查定語(yǔ)從句。
22.The exact year
Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
A. When
B. where
C. why
D. which
【答案】D
【知識(shí)拓展】
考查定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞的考查,首先要確定從句是定語(yǔ)從句,然后找到先行詞,再分析關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分,最后選擇正確的詞。如果定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主賓表或定語(yǔ),就用關(guān)系代詞that/which/who/whose引導(dǎo),如果做賓語(yǔ),可以省略關(guān)系代詞,如果定語(yǔ)從句中不缺主賓表,缺少的是狀語(yǔ),用關(guān)系副詞when,where,why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,如果定語(yǔ)從句中缺少介詞+先行詞,就用介詞+關(guān)系代詞。要求考生具有一定的句子分析能力,和理解能力。一些抽象意義的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),如:situation,point,case,如果定語(yǔ)從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
31.I am looking forward to the day
my daughter can read this book and know my
feelings for her.
A. as B. why C. when
D. where
【答案】C
【解析】
試題分析:考查my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),故用關(guān)系副詞when。故正確。5.?I don’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ______ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
?? A. when? ???????????????B. where???????????? C. which??????????????? D. why
【答案2024·上海卷]38. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ______ interact with one another.
A. that B. where C. who D. what
【答案】A
考查定語(yǔ)從句
【2024·浙江卷】13The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
A. what B. where C. when D. why
【答案】B
【解析】該句中的先行詞是a viewing platform,此處先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故用關(guān)系副詞where,據(jù)此我們這里選B項(xiàng)。
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句。2024·重慶卷] 24John invited about 40 people to