Unit3　Under the sea

　　1、urge vt.

　　根據語境猜詞義

　　(1)They urged that the library be kept open during the vacation.

　　(2)In jolly spirits, they urged the donkeys on.

　　(3)He urged upon his pupils the importance of hard work.

　　根據語義找匹配

　　A. 驅使；迫使　B. 強調　C. 要求；敦促；勸說

　　(1)C　(2)A　(3)B

　　urge sth. / sb. on催促某物 / 某人前進

　　urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事

　　urge sb. into doing sth. 催促某人做某事

　　urgent adj. 緊急的；迫切的；非常重要的

　　in urgent need of 急需

　　urgency n. 緊急；迫切

　　…urge that…極力主張，強調，從句謂語形式為(should)＋動詞原形

　　It is urged that…堅決要求……，從句謂語形式為(should)＋動詞原形

　　單項填空

　　()(1)The doctor ______ an X-ray test, and then, he could make a conclusion.

　　A. urged me to have

　　B. urged me having

　　C. urged against

　　D. urged on me

　　()(2)We must urge that representatives ______ from various factories.

　　A. would be elected

　　B. be elected

　　C. should elect

　　D. would elect

　　2、abandon vt.

　　根據語境猜詞義

　　(1)The man shamelessly abandoned his wife and child for another woman.

　　(2)Fearing further attacks, most of the population had abandoned their city.

　　(3)The game had to be abandoned due to the bad weather.

　　(4)She abandoned herself to despair.

　　根據語義找匹配

　　A. 離棄；逃離(某地方或交通工具)　B. 拋棄；遺棄(某人)　C. 放棄；中止　D. 沉湎于；放縱；陷入

　　(1)B　(2)A　 (3)C　(4)D

　　abandon one‘s post放棄職位abandon the plan放棄計劃

　　abandon a ship棄船

　　abandon one's wife拋棄妻子

　　abandon oneself to…縱情；沉溺于……

　　with abandon放縱地，放任地

　　abandoned adj. 廢棄的；被遺棄的；無約束的；放蕩的

　　abandon / desert / quit / cancel

　　abandon與desert都可指拋棄、遺棄某人，但desert常指逃避義務或違背誓約等，有責難之意。

　　quit指停止或放棄信仰、行動、工作等，如quit smoking停止吸煙；quit the job辭職。

　　cancel指取消原定的計劃或安排。

　　單項填空

　　()The plan was ______ when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.

　　A. released

　　B. deserted

　　C. resigned

　　D. abandoned

　　3、reflect v.

　　根據語境猜詞義

　　(1)The lake reflected the surrounding mountains.

　　(2)Public anger is reflected in the latest opinion polls.

　　(3)He reflects for a moment and then begins to speak again.

　　根據語義找匹配

　　A. 反映　B. 反射；反照　C. 反思；思考

　　(1)B　(2)A　 (3)C

　　reflect sb. / sth. in sth. (指鏡子等)映出某人 / 物的影像

　　reflect sth. from sth. 從某物(表面)反射(光、熱、聲等)

　　reflect on / upon sth. 思考某事

　　reflection n. 反射，反照，反映；映象； 思考

　　完成句子

　　(1)She sat reflecting on (在思考)how much it had changed since he'd bought the farm.

　　(2)This material absorbs the sound, and doesn't reflect it (不產生回音)．

　　(3)This incident reflected badly on (對……造成了惡劣影響)everyone involved.

　　4、become/be aware of

　　根據語境猜詞義

　　(1)Most smokers are perfectly aware_of the dangers of smoking.

　　(2)He was_aware_of a faint smell of gas.

　　根據語義找匹配

　　A．察覺到；注意到　B．意識到；明白；知道

　　(1)B　(2)A

　　awareness n. 意識，認識

　　(1)be aware that-clause知道；體會到……

　　make sb. aware that…提醒某人注意……

　　make sb. aware of…使某人注意到……

　　as far as I'm aware據我所知

　　(2)develop an awareness of…逐漸懂得……

　　lack of awareness缺乏認識

　　aware / conscious二者都可表示“意識到的”，都可用于be aware / conscious of結構。

　　aware指感官上的知覺。

　　I'm aware that she is dishonest. 我知道她不誠實。

　　I suddenly felt aware of somebody watching me. 我突然覺得有人盯著我看。

　　conscious指內心所意識到的感覺。

　　He is hurt but still conscious.

　　他受了傷，不過神志還清醒。

　　單項填空

　　()(1)Also when you write your goals in a particular way you are able to make yourself continuously ______ situations that will bring you nearer to your goal.

　　A. aware of

　　B. worried about

　　C. familiar with

　　D. accustomed to

　　()(2)The goat seemed to be ______ of the dangers and started to run.

　　A. aware　

　　B. clumsy

　　C. fragile　

　　D. shallow

　　5、help out 幫助某人擺脫困難，困境

　　根據語境感悟其用法

　　(1)What evidence was there that he was helping the whalers out?

　　有什么證據證明他在幫捕鯨人擺脫困境？

　　(2)Can you help me out with the maths problem?

　　你能幫我解出這道數學題嗎？

　　help sb. (to)do sth. 幫助某人做某事

　　help (to)do sth. 幫忙做某事

　　cannot help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

　　cannot help but do sth. 不能不 / 不得不做某事

　　help oneself (to sth. )自用；自取所需(食物等)

　　help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事

　　be of great help to sb.對某人有幫助

　　翻譯句子

　　(1)簡幫助他擺脫了經濟困難。

　　Jane helped him out of his financial difficulties.

　　(2)這一慈善團體的宗旨是幫助人們實行自助。

　　This charity aims to help people to help themselves.

　　(3)我情不自禁地笑起來。

　　I can't help laughing.

　　6、hold up

　　根據語境猜詞義

　　(1)The pupil held_up his hand to ask the teacher a question.

　　(2)Sorry I am late, but my train was held_up.

　　根據語義找匹配：A. 舉起；抬起　B. 耽擱；延誤

　　(1)A　(2)B

　　hold on繼續；堅持

　　hold back阻擋；抑制；克制住自己

　　hold out伸出；維持

　　hold on to抓牢；保留

　　hold a position

　　/ post擔任職位

　　hold the view持有觀點

　　hold one‘s breath 屏住呼吸

　　hold one's attention 吸引注意力

　　用hold的適當短語填空

　　(1)They managed to hold on until help arrived.

　　(2)Our flight was held up by fog.

　　(3)We can stay here for as long as our supplies hold out.

　　(4)She just managed to hold back her anger.

　　7、As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers. (P20)

　　隨著我們的逼近，我能看見一條鯨魚正在被其他6只虎鯨襲擊。

　　“see a whale being attacked” 看到鯨正在被襲擊，句中 “being attacked”作賓語補足語，表示動作正在被進行。在中學英語中being done 結構通常用于以下情況：

　　賓語補足語：

　　(1)When he came to himself, he found himself being looked after by an old lady.

　　(2)When I was a child, I used to watch bicycles being repaired.

　　后置定語：

　　(1)The question being_discussed now is of great importance to us all.

　　(2)The tall house being_built over there belongs to my uncle.

　　主語：

　　(1)Being_exposed_to_too_much_radiation will do great harm to your health.

　　(2)Being_bitten_by_a_dog put him into a hospital.

　　賓語：

　　(1)He narrowly missed being_shot.

　　(2)He insisted on his being_called Mr. Cliff instead of Mr. Clive.

　　注意：“being done”形式作賓語補足語和后置定語時表被動，同時又表進行，然而在作主語和賓語時僅表被動。

　　單項填空

　　()(1)Henry can't attend the party ______ at Tom's house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party ______ at Marie's house tomorrow.

　　A. held; being held

　　B. to be held; to be held

　　C. to be held; held

　　D. being held; to be held

　　()(2)— Do you know anything about the meeting ______ in Italy?

　　— Yes, and as a matter of fact I attended it.

　　A. to be held　

　　B. held　

　　C. being held　

　　D. to hold

　　()(3)New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before ______.

　　A. being fully accepted

　　B. fully accepting

　　C. having fully accepted

　　D. fully accepted

　　()(4)Some of the suspects ______ refused to answer and kept their mouths shut.

　　A. questioning

　　B. being questioned

　　C. questioned

　　D. to be questioned

　　()(5)______ as the most excellent student in her university, as most classmates had expected, made her parents very happy.

　　A. Mary was chosen

　　B. Mary chosen

　　C. Mary being chosen

　　D. Mary's being chosen

　　() 1. (2010·湖北)After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide ______ for the homeless families.

　　A. accommodation

　　B. occupation

　　C. equipment

　　D. furniture

　　On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my _accommodation,_I heard a loud noise coming from the bay. (P20)

　　A　本題考查名詞意義辨析。accommodation表示“住處”；occupation表示“占用”或者“工作，職業”；furniture表示“家具”；equipment表示“設備，器材”。

　　() 2. (2009·陜西)I still remember ______ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.

　　A. to take

　　B. to be taken

　　C. taking

　　D. being taken

　　D　考查非謂語being done形式。句意為：我仍然記得被帶到法門寺參觀，記得我所看到的一切。remember doing sth. “記得做過某事”，而remember to do sth. “記得要去做某事(還沒做)”；另外，I和take是被動關系，所以用being taken形式。

　　As we drew closer, I could see a whale being_attacked_by a pack of about six other killers. (P20)

　　() 3. (2010·湖北)Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house ______ his personality.

　　A. resembles

　　B. strengthens

　　C. reflects　

　　D. shapes

　　C　本題考查動詞意義辨析。“就好像一個人穿什么，吃什么，以及和什么樣的人交往能反映人的個性一樣，一個人的住房也是如此。”要選一個表示“反映”的詞，就是reflect。resemble ＝ look like；strengthen表示“加強，鞏固”；shape作動詞表示“塑形”。

　　I'm sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day — a day of pure magic！(P24)

　　() 4. (2009·海南)Now that we've discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ______？

　　A. taking

　　B. take　

　　C. taken

　　D. to take

　　C　考查with ＋賓語＋賓語補足語的用法。take 與the decisions之間存在動賓關系，故用過去分詞。

　　There were other creatures that I didn't want to get too close to — an eel with its strong sharp teeth, with_only_its_head_showing from a hole, watching for a tasty fish…(P24)

　　Unit3　Under the sea

　　1、urge vt.

　　根據語境猜詞義

　　(1)They urged that the library be kept open during the vacation.

　　(2)In jolly spirits, they urged the donkeys on.

　　(3)He urged upon his pupils the importance of hard work.

　　根據語義找匹配

　　A. 驅使；迫使　B. 強調　C. 要求；敦促；勸說

　　(1)C　(2)A　(3)B

　　urge sth. / sb. on催促某物 / 某人前進

　　urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事

　　urge sb. into doing sth. 催促某人做某事

　　urgent adj. 緊急的；迫切的；非常重要的

　　in urgent need of 急需

　　urgency n. 緊急；迫切

　　…urge that…極力主張，強調，從句謂語形式為(should)＋動詞原形

　　It is urged that…堅決要求……，從句謂語形式為(should)＋動詞原形

　　單項填空

　　()(1)The doctor ______ an X-ray test, and then, he could make a conclusion.

　　A. urged me to have

　　B. urged me having

　　C. urged against

　　D. urged on me

　　()(2)We must urge that representatives ______ from various factories.

　　A. would be elected

　　B. be elected

　　C. should elect

　　D. would elect

　　2、abandon vt.

　　根據語境猜詞義

　　(1)The man shamelessly abandoned his wife and child for another woman.

　　(2)Fearing further attacks, most of the population had abandoned their city.

　　(3)The game had to be abandoned due to the bad weather.

　　(4)She abandoned herself to despair.

　　根據語義找匹配

　　A. 離棄；逃離(某地方或交通工具)　B. 拋棄；遺棄(某人)　C. 放棄；中止　D. 沉湎于；放縱；陷入

　　(1)B　(2)A　 (3)C　(4)D

　　abandon one‘s post放棄職位abandon the plan放棄計劃

　　abandon a ship棄船

　　abandon one's wife拋棄妻子

　　abandon oneself to…縱情；沉溺于……

　　with abandon放縱地，放任地

　　abandoned adj. 廢棄的；被遺棄的；無約束的；放蕩的

　　abandon / desert / quit / cancel

　　abandon與desert都可指拋棄、遺棄某人，但desert常指逃避義務或違背誓約等，有責難之意。

　　quit指停止或放棄信仰、行動、工作等，如quit smoking停止吸煙；quit the job辭職。

　　cancel指取消原定的計劃或安排。

　　單項填空

　　()The plan was ______ when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.

　　A. released

　　B. deserted

　　C. resigned

　　D. abandoned

　　3、reflect v.

　　根據語境猜詞義

　　(1)The lake reflected the surrounding mountains.

　　(2)Public anger is reflected in the latest opinion polls.

　　(3)He reflects for a moment and then begins to speak again.

　　根據語義找匹配

　　A. 反映　B. 反射；反照　C. 反思；思考

　　(1)B　(2)A　 (3)C

　　reflect sb. / sth. in sth. (指鏡子等)映出某人 / 物的影像

　　reflect sth. from sth. 從某物(表面)反射(光、熱、聲等)

　　reflect on / upon sth. 思考某事

　　reflection n. 反射，反照，反映；映象； 思考

　　完成句子

　　(1)She sat reflecting on (在思考)how much it had changed since he'd bought the farm.

　　(2)This material absorbs the sound, and doesn't reflect it (不產生回音)．

　　(3)This incident reflected badly on (對……造成了惡劣影響)everyone involved.

　　4、become/be aware of

　　根據語境猜詞義

　　(1)Most smokers are perfectly aware_of the dangers of smoking.

　　(2)He was_aware_of a faint smell of gas.

　　根據語義找匹配

　　A．察覺到；注意到　B．意識到；明白；知道

　　(1)B　(2)A

　　awareness n. 意識，認識

　　(1)be aware that-clause知道；體會到……

　　make sb. aware that…提醒某人注意……

　　make sb. aware of…使某人注意到……

　　as far as I'm aware據我所知

　　(2)develop an awareness of…逐漸懂得……

　　lack of awareness缺乏認識

　　aware / conscious二者都可表示“意識到的”，都可用于be aware / conscious of結構。

　　aware指感官上的知覺。

　　I'm aware that she is dishonest. 我知道她不誠實。

　　I suddenly felt aware of somebody watching me. 我突然覺得有人盯著我看。

　　conscious指內心所意識到的感覺。

　　He is hurt but still conscious.

　　他受了傷，不過神志還清醒。

　　單項填空

　　()(1)Also when you write your goals in a particular way you are able to make yourself continuously ______ situations that will bring you nearer to your goal.

　　A. aware of

　　B. worried about

　　C. familiar with

　　D. accustomed to

　　()(2)The goat seemed to be ______ of the dangers and started to run.

　　A. aware　

　　B. clumsy

　　C. fragile　

　　D. shallow

　　5、help out 幫助某人擺脫困難，困境

　　根據語境感悟其用法

　　(1)What evidence was there that he was helping the whalers out?

　　有什么證據證明他在幫捕鯨人擺脫困境？

　　(2)Can you help me out with the maths problem?

　　你能幫我解出這道數學題嗎？

　　help sb. (to)do sth. 幫助某人做某事

　　help (to)do sth. 幫忙做某事

　　cannot help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

　　cannot help but do sth. 不能不 / 不得不做某事

　　help oneself (to sth. )自用；自取所需(食物等)

　　help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事

　　be of great help to sb.對某人有幫助

　　翻譯句子

　　(1)簡幫助他擺脫了經濟困難。

　　Jane helped him out of his financial difficulties.

　　(2)這一慈善團體的宗旨是幫助人們實行自助。

　　This charity aims to help people to help themselves.

　　(3)我情不自禁地笑起來。

　　I can't help laughing.

　　6、hold up

　　根據語境猜詞義

　　(1)The pupil held_up his hand to ask the teacher a question.

　　(2)Sorry I am late, but my train was held_up.

　　根據語義找匹配：A. 舉起；抬起　B. 耽擱；延誤

　　(1)A　(2)B

　　hold on繼續；堅持

　　hold back阻擋；抑制；克制住自己

　　hold out伸出；維持

　　hold on to抓牢；保留

　　hold a position

　　/ post擔任職位

　　hold the view持有觀點

　　hold one‘s breath 屏住呼吸

　　hold one's attention 吸引注意力

　　用hold的適當短語填空

　　(1)They managed to hold on until help arrived.

　　(2)Our flight was held up by fog.

　　(3)We can stay here for as long as our supplies hold out.

　　(4)She just managed to hold back her anger.

　　7、As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers. (P20)

　　隨著我們的逼近，我能看見一條鯨魚正在被其他6只虎鯨襲擊。

　　“see a whale being attacked” 看到鯨正在被襲擊，句中 “being attacked”作賓語補足語，表示動作正在被進行。在中學英語中being done 結構通常用于以下情況：

　　賓語補足語：

　　(1)When he came to himself, he found himself being looked after by an old lady.

　　(2)When I was a child, I used to watch bicycles being repaired.

　　后置定語：

　　(1)The question being_discussed now is of great importance to us all.

　　(2)The tall house being_built over there belongs to my uncle.

　　主語：

　　(1)Being_exposed_to_too_much_radiation will do great harm to your health.

　　(2)Being_bitten_by_a_dog put him into a hospital.

　　賓語：

　　(1)He narrowly missed being_shot.

　　(2)He insisted on his being_called Mr. Cliff instead of Mr. Clive.

　　注意：“being done”形式作賓語補足語和后置定語時表被動，同時又表進行，然而在作主語和賓語時僅表被動。

　　單項填空

　　()(1)Henry can't attend the party ______ at Tom's house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party ______ at Marie's house tomorrow.

　　A. held; being held

　　B. to be held; to be held

　　C. to be held; held

　　D. being held; to be held

　　()(2)— Do you know anything about the meeting ______ in Italy?

　　— Yes, and as a matter of fact I attended it.

　　A. to be held　

　　B. held　

　　C. being held　

　　D. to hold

　　()(3)New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before ______.

　　A. being fully accepted

　　B. fully accepting

　　C. having fully accepted

　　D. fully accepted

　　()(4)Some of the suspects ______ refused to answer and kept their mouths shut.

　　A. questioning

　　B. being questioned

　　C. questioned

　　D. to be questioned

　　()(5)______ as the most excellent student in her university, as most classmates had expected, made her parents very happy.

　　A. Mary was chosen

　　B. Mary chosen

　　C. Mary being chosen

　　D. Mary's being chosen

　　() 1. (2010·湖北)After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide ______ for the homeless families.

　　A. accommodation

　　B. occupation

　　C. equipment

　　D. furniture

　　On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my _accommodation,_I heard a loud noise coming from the bay. (P20)

　　A　本題考查名詞意義辨析。accommodation表示“住處”；occupation表示“占用”或者“工作，職業”；furniture表示“家具”；equipment表示“設備，器材”。

　　() 2. (2009·陜西)I still remember ______ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.

　　A. to take

　　B. to be taken

　　C. taking

　　D. being taken

　　D　考查非謂語being done形式。句意為：我仍然記得被帶到法門寺參觀，記得我所看到的一切。remember doing sth. “記得做過某事”，而remember to do sth. “記得要去做某事(還沒做)”；另外，I和take是被動關系，所以用being taken形式。

　　As we drew closer, I could see a whale being_attacked_by a pack of about six other killers. (P20)

　　() 3. (2010·湖北)Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house ______ his personality.

　　A. resembles

　　B. strengthens

　　C. reflects　

　　D. shapes

　　C　本題考查動詞意義辨析。“就好像一個人穿什么，吃什么，以及和什么樣的人交往能反映人的個性一樣，一個人的住房也是如此。”要選一個表示“反映”的詞，就是reflect。resemble ＝ look like；strengthen表示“加強，鞏固”；shape作動詞表示“塑形”。

　　I'm sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day — a day of pure magic！(P24)

　　() 4. (2009·海南)Now that we've discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ______？

　　A. taking

　　B. take　

　　C. taken

　　D. to take

　　C　考查with ＋賓語＋賓語補足語的用法。take 與the decisions之間存在動賓關系，故用過去分詞。

　　There were other creatures that I didn't want to get too close to — an eel with its strong sharp teeth, with_only_its_head_showing from a hole, watching for a tasty fish…(P24)