英語講義【40】復數名詞的誤用
英語名詞分可數的和不可數兩種。可數名詞指一般動物和事物,如Man/ friend/ driver/ student/ dog/ cat/ boat/ egg/ gun/ hand/ head/ lamp/ road/ table/ car 等等。
可數名詞有兩個數,即單數和復數。單數名詞可以和不定冠詞 a/ an或其他名詞限定詞(determiners)連用;復數名詞可以和數目詞,如many/ a few/ some/ a lot of等連用。
不可數名詞指物質名詞(material nouns)和抽象名詞( abstract nouns),如:air/ butter/ grass/ money/ sand/ water/ carefulness/ joy/ peace等等。不可數名詞可以和數量詞,如much/ a little/ little/ a great amount of等連用。不可數名詞只有單數,沒有復數-s的形式。
有些人對名詞數的概念不很清楚,對數目詞(expressions of number)和數量詞(expressions of quantity)也有些混亂,結果把數目詞用在不可數名詞之前或隨意在不可數名詞后面加上復數詞尾 -s,這些都是語法上的錯誤。例如:
?、?Our workshop has ordered some new equipments from Germany.
雖然有些人把 equipment(配備)當成可數名詞,但是它是不可數的,不可有-s。
?、?My teacher gave me some sound advices. 應該是advice。
?、?Do you have any special informations for me? Information才對。
④ Most furnitures in my house are made of wood. 應該是furnitureis
?、?Today, I have many new works to do. 必須是a lot of new work才是。
⑥ Dont walk on the grasses. 應該用grass。
?、?Our foreign students have made great progresses in their studies. Progress(進步)不可數;不可有-es。
⑧ All his money are kept in the bank. Money(金錢)屬不可數名詞;動詞要單數的is。
上述這類有關不可數名詞的錯誤,極為普遍;只要看看學生的作文,便知道了。
既然如此,要怎樣避免這種錯誤呢?
首先,必須牢記不可數名詞絕對沒有復數形式。其次,隨時準備些數量詞,如much/ little/ some/ a little/ a lot of/ plenty of等,以便在必要時和不可數名詞連用。最后,謹記:謂語動詞必須和主語的數目一致。既然不可數名詞沒有復數形式,那么謂語動詞若是簡單現在時態(simple present tense),現在進行時態( present continuous tense)或現在完成時態(present perfect tense)的話,就必須以單數形式出現。例如:
?、?Bread is sold in coffee shops and supermarkets.
?、?His luggage is somewhere at the railway station.
11. Some money is being used to help the poor.
12. The information required includes personal particulars and the present salary.
13. A lot of time has been spent on this project.
14. Hypocrisy gives rise to mistrust.
15. Familiarity breeds contempt.
英語名詞分可數的和不可數兩種??蓴得~指一般動物和事物,如Man/ friend/ driver/ student/ dog/ cat/ boat/ egg/ gun/ hand/ head/ lamp/ road/ table/ car 等等。
可數名詞有兩個數,即單數和復數。單數名詞可以和不定冠詞 a/ an或其他名詞限定詞(determiners)連用;復數名詞可以和數目詞,如many/ a few/ some/ a lot of等連用。
不可數名詞指物質名詞(material nouns)和抽象名詞( abstract nouns),如:air/ butter/ grass/ money/ sand/ water/ carefulness/ joy/ peace等等。不可數名詞可以和數量詞,如much/ a little/ little/ a great amount of等連用。不可數名詞只有單數,沒有復數-s的形式。
有些人對名詞數的概念不很清楚,對數目詞(expressions of number)和數量詞(expressions of quantity)也有些混亂,結果把數目詞用在不可數名詞之前或隨意在不可數名詞后面加上復數詞尾 -s,這些都是語法上的錯誤。例如:
?、?Our workshop has ordered some new equipments from Germany.
雖然有些人把 equipment(配備)當成可數名詞,但是它是不可數的,不可有-s。
② My teacher gave me some sound advices. 應該是advice。
③ Do you have any special informations for me? Information才對。
?、?Most furnitures in my house are made of wood. 應該是furnitureis
⑤ Today, I have many new works to do. 必須是a lot of new work才是。
?、?Dont walk on the grasses. 應該用grass。
?、?Our foreign students have made great progresses in their studies. Progress(進步)不可數;不可有-es。
?、?All his money are kept in the bank. Money(金錢)屬不可數名詞;動詞要單數的is。
上述這類有關不可數名詞的錯誤,極為普遍;只要看看學生的作文,便知道了。
既然如此,要怎樣避免這種錯誤呢?
首先,必須牢記不可數名詞絕對沒有復數形式。其次,隨時準備些數量詞,如much/ little/ some/ a little/ a lot of/ plenty of等,以便在必要時和不可數名詞連用。最后,謹記:謂語動詞必須和主語的數目一致。既然不可數名詞沒有復數形式,那么謂語動詞若是簡單現在時態(simple present tense),現在進行時態( present continuous tense)或現在完成時態(present perfect tense)的話,就必須以單數形式出現。例如:
⑨ Bread is sold in coffee shops and supermarkets.
?、?His luggage is somewhere at the railway station.
11. Some money is being used to help the poor.
12. The information required includes personal particulars and the present salary.
13. A lot of time has been spent on this project.
14. Hypocrisy gives rise to mistrust.
15. Familiarity breeds contempt.