一、學(xué)習(xí)教育類：

　　3/35/137

　　Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.

　　教育機(jī)構(gòu)有責(zé)任勸阻學(xué)生不要從事不太可能成功的科學(xué)研究。

　　6/14/96/116

　　A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.

　　在進(jìn)行大學(xué)教育以前，國家應(yīng)該要求所有的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)統(tǒng)一的國家課程。

　　12/25

　　Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.

　　，政府應(yīng)該為他們提供免費(fèi)大學(xué)教育。

　　13/46/102/70/112/54/140/142

　　Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students major field of study.

　　Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.

　　結(jié)論：大學(xué)應(yīng)該要求每個學(xué)生選修自己專業(yè)以外的各種學(xué)科。

　　原因：接受真正的教育的最佳途徑是獲得各種學(xué)科知識。

　　Requiring university students to take a variety of courses outside their major fields of study is the best way to ensure that students become truly educated.

　　讓每個大學(xué)生選修自己專業(yè)以外的各種學(xué)科，是接受真正的教育的最佳途徑。

　　54 In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.

　　為了成為全面發(fā)展的個體，應(yīng)該要求所有的大學(xué)生選擇可以閱讀詩歌、小說、神話等想象力文學(xué)的課程。

　　140 Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields.

　　有些人認(rèn)為大學(xué)應(yīng)該要求每個學(xué)生選修自己專業(yè)以外的各種學(xué)科。也有人認(rèn)為大學(xué)不應(yīng)該強(qiáng)迫學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)任何課程，除非這些課程有利于學(xué)生在所選的領(lǐng)域就業(yè)。

　　142 Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.

　　Reason: College studentslike people in generalprefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.

　　結(jié)論：為了給學(xué)生提供一個明確的方向，學(xué)院和大學(xué)應(yīng)該指定所有的必修課程，移除選修課程。

　　原因：和大眾一樣，大學(xué)生更喜歡按部就班，不喜歡自己做決定。

　　15/32/98/129/135/136/20/39

　　Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.

　　教育機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該積極鼓勵學(xué)生選擇那些為將來高收入工作鋪路/就業(yè)前景好/容易找到工作的研究領(lǐng)域。

　　20/39

　　Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. 有些人認(rèn)為大學(xué)生應(yīng)該根據(jù)自己的才能和興趣選擇研究領(lǐng)域。也有人認(rèn)為大學(xué)生應(yīng)該選擇那些容易找到工作的研究領(lǐng)域。

　　College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.

　　應(yīng)該鼓勵大學(xué)生選擇自己感興趣的課程，而不是那些容易找到工作的課程。

　　17/68

　　Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit.

　　Others believe that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.

　　有些人認(rèn)為教育的目的是解放思維和精神。也有人認(rèn)為正規(guī)教育往往遏制學(xué)生的思維和精神，而不是解放它們。

　　24/29/52

　　The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.

　　教育的最佳方式是贊揚(yáng)積極的行為，忽視消極的行為。

　　30/83

　　Teachers salaries should be based on the academic performance of their students.

　　教師的薪水應(yīng)該基于學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)成績。

　　40/90/47

　　Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students.

　　Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.

　　結(jié)論：在編制教學(xué)課程時，教育工作者應(yīng)該考慮學(xué)生的興趣和建議。

　　原因：當(dāng)學(xué)生對所學(xué)的內(nèi)容感興趣時，他們學(xué)習(xí)的動力更強(qiáng)。

　　47 Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them.

　　教育工作者應(yīng)該發(fā)掘?qū)W生對課程的需求，并滿足他們。

　　45/138

　　Some people believe that competition for high grades motivates students to excel in the classroom. Others believe that such competition seriously limits the quality of real learning.

　　有些人認(rèn)為，追求高分?jǐn)?shù)促進(jìn)學(xué)生在課堂表現(xiàn)優(yōu)秀。也有人認(rèn)為，這樣的競爭只會限制學(xué)習(xí)

　　的質(zhì)量。

　　49/76/118

　　Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own.

　　Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.

　　結(jié)論：相比意見不同的人來說，通常，我們從意見相同的人那里學(xué)的更多。

　　原因：意見不統(tǒng)一會導(dǎo)致壓力，阻礙學(xué)習(xí)。

　　34 In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.

　　在任何情況下，持有不同意見的人討論過程中才會有進(jìn)步。

　　81/95

　　All parents should be required to volunteer time to their childrens schools.

　　所有的家長都必須無償?shù)貫樽优膶W(xué)?；ㄙM(fèi)時間。

　　82/97/100/124

　　Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.

　　學(xué)院或大學(xué)應(yīng)該要求學(xué)生在國外至少留學(xué)一個學(xué)期。

　　37 Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.

　　社會應(yīng)該甄別那些天資聰穎的孩子，并且年幼的時候就開始提供訓(xùn)練培養(yǎng)它們的才能。

　　42 Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.

　　學(xué)生應(yīng)該質(zhì)疑所學(xué)的知識，而不是被動的接受。

　　48 Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.

　　學(xué)生應(yīng)該先學(xué)習(xí)有助于解釋知識的理念、趨勢和概念后，教育工作者再教學(xué)生知識。

　　58 Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by school or college alone.

　　從根本上講，教育是個人的事情。學(xué)校不可能單方面激勵學(xué)生。

　　73 Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.

　　學(xué)院和大學(xué)應(yīng)該要求所有的教員拿出時間，參與學(xué)術(shù)界以外與教學(xué)科目相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域工作。

　　92 Educators should base their assessment of students learning not on students grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.

　　在評估學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)情況時，教育工作者應(yīng)該關(guān)注學(xué)生是否能夠解釋所學(xué)知識闡明的思想、趨勢和概念，而不是是否牢記知識。

　　101 Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.

　　盡管諸如電視、電腦和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等發(fā)明似乎給學(xué)校教育提供改良的手段，但是這些技術(shù)往往是在偏離真正的學(xué)習(xí)。

　　一、學(xué)習(xí)教育類：

　　3/35/137

　　Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.

　　教育機(jī)構(gòu)有責(zé)任勸阻學(xué)生不要從事不太可能成功的科學(xué)研究。

　　6/14/96/116

　　A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.

　　在進(jìn)行大學(xué)教育以前，國家應(yīng)該要求所有的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)統(tǒng)一的國家課程。

　　12/25

　　Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.

　　，政府應(yīng)該為他們提供免費(fèi)大學(xué)教育。

　　13/46/102/70/112/54/140/142

　　Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students major field of study.

　　Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.

　　結(jié)論：大學(xué)應(yīng)該要求每個學(xué)生選修自己專業(yè)以外的各種學(xué)科。

　　原因：接受真正的教育的最佳途徑是獲得各種學(xué)科知識。

　　Requiring university students to take a variety of courses outside their major fields of study is the best way to ensure that students become truly educated.

　　讓每個大學(xué)生選修自己專業(yè)以外的各種學(xué)科，是接受真正的教育的最佳途徑。

　　54 In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.

　　為了成為全面發(fā)展的個體，應(yīng)該要求所有的大學(xué)生選擇可以閱讀詩歌、小說、神話等想象力文學(xué)的課程。

　　140 Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields.

　　有些人認(rèn)為大學(xué)應(yīng)該要求每個學(xué)生選修自己專業(yè)以外的各種學(xué)科。也有人認(rèn)為大學(xué)不應(yīng)該強(qiáng)迫學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)任何課程，除非這些課程有利于學(xué)生在所選的領(lǐng)域就業(yè)。

　　142 Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.

　　Reason: College studentslike people in generalprefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.

　　結(jié)論：為了給學(xué)生提供一個明確的方向，學(xué)院和大學(xué)應(yīng)該指定所有的必修課程，移除選修課程。

　　原因：和大眾一樣，大學(xué)生更喜歡按部就班，不喜歡自己做決定。

　　15/32/98/129/135/136/20/39

　　Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.

　　教育機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該積極鼓勵學(xué)生選擇那些為將來高收入工作鋪路/就業(yè)前景好/容易找到工作的研究領(lǐng)域。

　　20/39

　　Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. 有些人認(rèn)為大學(xué)生應(yīng)該根據(jù)自己的才能和興趣選擇研究領(lǐng)域。也有人認(rèn)為大學(xué)生應(yīng)該選擇那些容易找到工作的研究領(lǐng)域。

　　College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.

　　應(yīng)該鼓勵大學(xué)生選擇自己感興趣的課程，而不是那些容易找到工作的課程。

　　17/68

　　Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit.

　　Others believe that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.

　　有些人認(rèn)為教育的目的是解放思維和精神。也有人認(rèn)為正規(guī)教育往往遏制學(xué)生的思維和精神，而不是解放它們。

　　24/29/52

　　The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.

　　教育的最佳方式是贊揚(yáng)積極的行為，忽視消極的行為。

　　30/83

　　Teachers salaries should be based on the academic performance of their students.

　　教師的薪水應(yīng)該基于學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)成績。

　　40/90/47

　　Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students.

　　Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.

　　結(jié)論：在編制教學(xué)課程時，教育工作者應(yīng)該考慮學(xué)生的興趣和建議。

　　原因：當(dāng)學(xué)生對所學(xué)的內(nèi)容感興趣時，他們學(xué)習(xí)的動力更強(qiáng)。

　　47 Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them.

　　教育工作者應(yīng)該發(fā)掘?qū)W生對課程的需求，并滿足他們。

　　45/138

　　Some people believe that competition for high grades motivates students to excel in the classroom. Others believe that such competition seriously limits the quality of real learning.

　　有些人認(rèn)為，追求高分?jǐn)?shù)促進(jìn)學(xué)生在課堂表現(xiàn)優(yōu)秀。也有人認(rèn)為，這樣的競爭只會限制學(xué)習(xí)

　　的質(zhì)量。

　　49/76/118

　　Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own.

　　Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.

　　結(jié)論：相比意見不同的人來說，通常，我們從意見相同的人那里學(xué)的更多。

　　原因：意見不統(tǒng)一會導(dǎo)致壓力，阻礙學(xué)習(xí)。

　　34 In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.

　　在任何情況下，持有不同意見的人討論過程中才會有進(jìn)步。

　　81/95

　　All parents should be required to volunteer time to their childrens schools.

　　所有的家長都必須無償?shù)貫樽优膶W(xué)?；ㄙM(fèi)時間。

　　82/97/100/124

　　Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.

　　學(xué)院或大學(xué)應(yīng)該要求學(xué)生在國外至少留學(xué)一個學(xué)期。

　　37 Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.

　　社會應(yīng)該甄別那些天資聰穎的孩子，并且年幼的時候就開始提供訓(xùn)練培養(yǎng)它們的才能。

　　42 Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.

　　學(xué)生應(yīng)該質(zhì)疑所學(xué)的知識，而不是被動的接受。

　　48 Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.

　　學(xué)生應(yīng)該先學(xué)習(xí)有助于解釋知識的理念、趨勢和概念后，教育工作者再教學(xué)生知識。

　　58 Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by school or college alone.

　　從根本上講，教育是個人的事情。學(xué)校不可能單方面激勵學(xué)生。

　　73 Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.

　　學(xué)院和大學(xué)應(yīng)該要求所有的教員拿出時間，參與學(xué)術(shù)界以外與教學(xué)科目相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域工作。

　　92 Educators should base their assessment of students learning not on students grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.

　　在評估學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)情況時，教育工作者應(yīng)該關(guān)注學(xué)生是否能夠解釋所學(xué)知識闡明的思想、趨勢和概念，而不是是否牢記知識。

　　101 Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.

　　盡管諸如電視、電腦和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等發(fā)明似乎給學(xué)校教育提供改良的手段，但是這些技術(shù)往往是在偏離真正的學(xué)習(xí)。