高考英語配套教學課件《Unit 4 Helping people around the World》專題語法攻略(十九) 主謂一致 譯林版選修6
⑦非謂語形式、從句作主語 單獨的不定式、動詞的-ing形式作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式。如果多個謂語動詞連在一起表達同一概念,謂語動詞用單數形式;如果表達不同概念,謂語動詞用復數形式。 To see is to believe. 眼見為實。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是好習慣。 Swimming in summer and skating in winter are his greatest pleasure.夏天游泳,冬天滑冰是他最大的樂趣。 what,which,whatever,whichever 等引導的從句作主語時,應根據意義一致原則決定謂語動詞的數。 What the boy wanted are some books. 這個男孩想要的是一些書。 What he needs is more time. 他需要的是更多的時間。 主謂一致指的是句子的主語和謂語動詞在人稱和數上應保持一致,通常指的主謂一致是主語和謂語在單數和復數上的一致性。 一、主謂一致的三個原則 1.語法一致
主語單復數決定謂語動詞的單復數形式,即主語是單
數,謂語用單數,主語是復數,謂語用復數。
The number of errors is surprising.
錯誤的數目是驚人的。
Two students are waiting for you in your office.
兩名學生在辦公室等你。 3.就近一致
謂語動詞的單復數取決于最靠近它的詞語,主要體現在由
or,either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...等
連接的主語及there be...句型中。
Neither you nor I am wrong.
你和我都沒有錯。
There is a pen,five pencils and two pencil-boxes on the
table.桌子上有一支鋼筆、五支鉛筆和兩個鉛筆盒。 [注意] (1)當主語后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引導的詞組時,其謂語動詞的單、復數由前一個名詞而定。 Tom as well as his family is seeing a film. 湯姆和他的家人在看電影。 (2)復數名詞+of this kind作主語時,謂語應視前一個名詞形式,用復數。 Birds of this this kind are rare now. 現在這種鳥不常見了。 Men of this kind are dangerous. 這類人很危險。 二、主謂一致的應用 1.不定代詞作主語
不定代詞either,neither,each,one,someone,
somebody,something,anyone,anybody,
nobody,no one,everything等作主語時,謂語動詞用
單數。
Either answer is correct.
兩個答案都正確。
Each boy and each girl likes Jay Chou.
每個男孩和女孩都喜歡周杰倫。 [注意] (1)each放在主語后作同位語時,each不決定謂語的單復數。 They each have a dictionary. =Each of them has a dictionary. 他們每人都有一本字典。 (2)none作主語時如果指人或可數的物,表數目,謂語動詞單復數形式皆可;如果指不可數名詞,表量,謂語動詞用單數。 None of us is/are interested in your new subject. 我們中沒人對你的新課題感興趣。 2.名詞作主語 1)謂語動詞用單數的情況 (1)可數名詞單數以及不可數名詞作主語時,謂語動
詞用單數。
The cat is under the table.
貓在桌子底下。 (2)以-s結尾的單數名詞作主語,謂語用單數,如news,
works,physics,maths,gymnastics等以及書名、戲劇
名、報紙及國家名稱等的復數名詞。
The United Nations was founded in 1945.
聯(lián)合國成立于1945年。 (3)“a+單數名詞+or two”或“one and a half+復數名
詞”作主語,謂語用單數。
A student or two has failed the exam.
一兩個學生考試不及格。 (4)如果主語由more than one...或many a...構成,盡管從意
義上看是復數內容,但它的謂語動詞仍用單數形式。
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
許多船只毀于這場風暴。
[注意] 但是“more+復數名詞+than one”結構之后,謂語動詞多用復數形式。 More members than one are against your plan. 不止一個成員反對你的計劃。 (5)“a kind of/a sort of/a type of/a series of+名詞”作主語時,謂語用單數。 This kind of computer is made in Korea. 這種電腦產于韓國。 (6)表示時間、金錢、距離、書名、度量衡等數詞短語作主語時,謂語用單數。 Fifty years is not a long time. 50年并不長。 The Selected Poems of LiBai was published long ago. 《李白詩選》很久之前就出版了。 (7)用and連接的兩個名詞作主語,指同一人或物或通常由
兩個部件配成的物品時,謂語動詞用單數。如:a knife
and fork(一副刀叉),a cup and saucer(帶茶托的茶杯),
a coat and skirt 一套上裝和裙子,a desk and chair(一套
桌椅),a needle and thread(針線),war and peace(戰(zhàn)爭
與和平),iron and steel(鋼鐵)等。
Egg and rice is her usual breakfast.
她的早點通常是蛋炒飯。 2)謂語動詞用復數形式的情況 (1)兩個單數名詞用and或both...and...連接指兩個人或物,
作主語,謂語用復數。
Both my father and my sister are famous artists.
我父親和妹妹都是著名的藝術家。 [注意] 要看前后兩個名詞前是否都有冠詞。 The poet and the singer have come. 這位詩人和這位歌唱家都來了。 The poet and singer has come. 這位詩人兼歌唱家來了。 (2)表示總稱意義形單意復的名詞,如cattle,people,police等作主語時,作復數看待,謂語動詞用復數。 The cattle are drinking water in the river. 牛正在河里喝水。 (3)一些常用作復數或只有復數形式的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復數形式。常用的這類名詞有clothes, trousers,shorts(短褲),scales,effects,goods,papers,earnings,odds,thanks,woods,shoes,scissors,gloves,glasses等。 Her clothes are of good quality. 她的衣服質量很好。 [注意] trousers,glasses,scissors等作主語,前面若無a suit of,a pair of,a set of,a series of等這類詞修飾,謂語動詞用復數。若帶有這類詞修飾,則由這類詞的單復數決定謂語動詞的單復數形式。 Her trousers are beautiful indeed. 她的褲子真的很好看。 This pair of glasses is very expensive.這副眼鏡很貴。 The two pairs of scissors are Hangzhou-made. 這兩把剪刀都是杭州制造的。 (4)山脈、群島、瀑布等的名稱作主語時,謂語動詞用復數形式。 The Himalayas are the roof of the world. 喜馬拉雅山脈是世界屋脊。 The Niagara Falls are on the Niagara River. 尼亞加拉瀑布位于尼亞加拉河上。 (5)“the+adj.”泛指一類人,作主語時,謂語用復數形式。
這類詞有the poor,the rich,the deaf,the brave,the
dead,the old,the young,the sick,the guilty(有罪的
人),the wise,the living,the aged(老人)等。
The old are well looked after by the government.
政府對老年人照顧得很好。
The good are happy.
善者長樂。 [注意] the+adj.指個別人時,要看作單數,謂語用單數形式。 The dead was about thirty years of age.死者30歲左右。 (6)以-sh,-ch,和-ese等結尾的表示國家、民族的詞與 the 連用時表示復數含義,謂語動詞用復數形式。這類詞有the Chinese,the English,the British,the Spanish,the Russian,the Japanese,the Welsh(威爾士人)等。 The English are a little conservative. 英國人有點保守。 The Chinese are hard-working. 中國人勤勞。 3)謂語動詞可用單數或復數的情況 (1)分數、量詞作主語 ①“分數或百分數+名詞”構成的短語以及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,half of+名詞”構成的短語作主語時,其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數保持一致,這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。 This is because two thirds of the earth's surface is made up of vast oceans. 這是因為地球表面的三分之二是遼闊的海洋。 Two thirds of those tasks have been completed. 三分之二的任務已完成。 ②the rest(of...),the remaining,part(of...),one half(of...)等詞或短語作主語和它們所修飾的名詞或代詞作主語,其謂語動詞應根據主語所表達的單復數而定。 Ten of you go to plant trees and the rest remain at school. 你們當中十人去植樹,其余的留在學校。 Part of his story is not true. 他的故事部分不是真實的。 Part of the teachers in our school are from Shanghai. 我們學校老師中有一部分來自上海。 (2)特殊用法
①某些集體名詞,如family,team等作主語時,如果作
為一個整體看待,謂語動詞用單數形式,如果著眼于組
成該集體的一個個成員或個體時,謂語動詞用復數形式。
His family is a large one.
他家人口很多。
The whole family are watching TV.
全家人都在看電視。 這類名詞有:audience,class,club,committee,company,crew,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team,population等。 The population in China is very large,and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers. 中國人口很多,且百分之八十的人口是農民。 ②單、復數同形的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞應根據意義決定單復數,這類名詞有means,works,species等。 The glass works is near the railway station. 那家玻璃廠在火車站附近。 Some sheep are over there. 那兒有幾只羊。 ③在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。 Between the two windows hangs a picture. 兩個窗子之間掛著一幅畫。
④定語從句中的謂語動詞由先行詞的單復數而定,先行詞是單數,定語從句中的謂語動詞也用單數形式;先行詞是復數,定語從句中的謂語動詞用復數形式。 The Smiths who are now downstairs are asking to see you. 史密斯夫婦要見你,他們正在樓下。 The news that has been published in today's newspaper is not true.今天報紙上發(fā)布的資訊不是真的。 [注意] (1)在“one of+復數名詞+who/that/which”引導的從句結構中,關系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復數名詞而不是one。因此,從句中的動詞應該是復數形式。 This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.這是問過的最有趣的問題之一。 (2)但是當one之前有the only,the very或the等修飾語時,關系代詞的先行詞是one,而不是靠近它的復數名詞,因此從句的動詞用單數形式。 She was the only one of the students who was late for the meeting.她是惟一開會遲到的學生。 ⑥a number of,a group of 等修飾可數名詞復數時謂語一般也用復數,“the number of+名詞”作主語,謂語用單數。 A number of students were absent yesterday. 許多學生昨天缺席。 The number of pages in this book is nine hundred. 這本書的頁數是900。
⑦非謂語形式、從句作主語 單獨的不定式、動詞的-ing形式作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式。如果多個謂語動詞連在一起表達同一概念,謂語動詞用單數形式;如果表達不同概念,謂語動詞用復數形式。 To see is to believe. 眼見為實。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是好習慣。 Swimming in summer and skating in winter are his greatest pleasure.夏天游泳,冬天滑冰是他最大的樂趣。 what,which,whatever,whichever 等引導的從句作主語時,應根據意義一致原則決定謂語動詞的數。 What the boy wanted are some books. 這個男孩想要的是一些書。 What he needs is more time. 他需要的是更多的時間。 主謂一致指的是句子的主語和謂語動詞在人稱和數上應保持一致,通常指的主謂一致是主語和謂語在單數和復數上的一致性。 一、主謂一致的三個原則 1.語法一致
主語單復數決定謂語動詞的單復數形式,即主語是單
數,謂語用單數,主語是復數,謂語用復數。
The number of errors is surprising.
錯誤的數目是驚人的。
Two students are waiting for you in your office.
兩名學生在辦公室等你。 3.就近一致
謂語動詞的單復數取決于最靠近它的詞語,主要體現在由
or,either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...等
連接的主語及there be...句型中。
Neither you nor I am wrong.
你和我都沒有錯。
There is a pen,five pencils and two pencil-boxes on the
table.桌子上有一支鋼筆、五支鉛筆和兩個鉛筆盒。 [注意] (1)當主語后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引導的詞組時,其謂語動詞的單、復數由前一個名詞而定。 Tom as well as his family is seeing a film. 湯姆和他的家人在看電影。 (2)復數名詞+of this kind作主語時,謂語應視前一個名詞形式,用復數。 Birds of this this kind are rare now. 現在這種鳥不常見了。 Men of this kind are dangerous. 這類人很危險。 二、主謂一致的應用 1.不定代詞作主語
不定代詞either,neither,each,one,someone,
somebody,something,anyone,anybody,
nobody,no one,everything等作主語時,謂語動詞用
單數。
Either answer is correct.
兩個答案都正確。
Each boy and each girl likes Jay Chou.
每個男孩和女孩都喜歡周杰倫。 [注意] (1)each放在主語后作同位語時,each不決定謂語的單復數。 They each have a dictionary. =Each of them has a dictionary. 他們每人都有一本字典。 (2)none作主語時如果指人或可數的物,表數目,謂語動詞單復數形式皆可;如果指不可數名詞,表量,謂語動詞用單數。 None of us is/are interested in your new subject. 我們中沒人對你的新課題感興趣。 2.名詞作主語 1)謂語動詞用單數的情況 (1)可數名詞單數以及不可數名詞作主語時,謂語動
詞用單數。
The cat is under the table.
貓在桌子底下。 (2)以-s結尾的單數名詞作主語,謂語用單數,如news,
works,physics,maths,gymnastics等以及書名、戲劇
名、報紙及國家名稱等的復數名詞。
The United Nations was founded in 1945.
聯(lián)合國成立于1945年。 (3)“a+單數名詞+or two”或“one and a half+復數名
詞”作主語,謂語用單數。
A student or two has failed the exam.
一兩個學生考試不及格。 (4)如果主語由more than one...或many a...構成,盡管從意
義上看是復數內容,但它的謂語動詞仍用單數形式。
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
許多船只毀于這場風暴。
[注意] 但是“more+復數名詞+than one”結構之后,謂語動詞多用復數形式。 More members than one are against your plan. 不止一個成員反對你的計劃。 (5)“a kind of/a sort of/a type of/a series of+名詞”作主語時,謂語用單數。 This kind of computer is made in Korea. 這種電腦產于韓國。 (6)表示時間、金錢、距離、書名、度量衡等數詞短語作主語時,謂語用單數。 Fifty years is not a long time. 50年并不長。 The Selected Poems of LiBai was published long ago. 《李白詩選》很久之前就出版了。 (7)用and連接的兩個名詞作主語,指同一人或物或通常由
兩個部件配成的物品時,謂語動詞用單數。如:a knife
and fork(一副刀叉),a cup and saucer(帶茶托的茶杯),
a coat and skirt 一套上裝和裙子,a desk and chair(一套
桌椅),a needle and thread(針線),war and peace(戰(zhàn)爭
與和平),iron and steel(鋼鐵)等。
Egg and rice is her usual breakfast.
她的早點通常是蛋炒飯。 2)謂語動詞用復數形式的情況 (1)兩個單數名詞用and或both...and...連接指兩個人或物,
作主語,謂語用復數。
Both my father and my sister are famous artists.
我父親和妹妹都是著名的藝術家。 [注意] 要看前后兩個名詞前是否都有冠詞。 The poet and the singer have come. 這位詩人和這位歌唱家都來了。 The poet and singer has come. 這位詩人兼歌唱家來了。 (2)表示總稱意義形單意復的名詞,如cattle,people,police等作主語時,作復數看待,謂語動詞用復數。 The cattle are drinking water in the river. 牛正在河里喝水。 (3)一些常用作復數或只有復數形式的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復數形式。常用的這類名詞有clothes, trousers,shorts(短褲),scales,effects,goods,papers,earnings,odds,thanks,woods,shoes,scissors,gloves,glasses等。 Her clothes are of good quality. 她的衣服質量很好。 [注意] trousers,glasses,scissors等作主語,前面若無a suit of,a pair of,a set of,a series of等這類詞修飾,謂語動詞用復數。若帶有這類詞修飾,則由這類詞的單復數決定謂語動詞的單復數形式。 Her trousers are beautiful indeed. 她的褲子真的很好看。 This pair of glasses is very expensive.這副眼鏡很貴。 The two pairs of scissors are Hangzhou-made. 這兩把剪刀都是杭州制造的。 (4)山脈、群島、瀑布等的名稱作主語時,謂語動詞用復數形式。 The Himalayas are the roof of the world. 喜馬拉雅山脈是世界屋脊。 The Niagara Falls are on the Niagara River. 尼亞加拉瀑布位于尼亞加拉河上。 (5)“the+adj.”泛指一類人,作主語時,謂語用復數形式。
這類詞有the poor,the rich,the deaf,the brave,the
dead,the old,the young,the sick,the guilty(有罪的
人),the wise,the living,the aged(老人)等。
The old are well looked after by the government.
政府對老年人照顧得很好。
The good are happy.
善者長樂。 [注意] the+adj.指個別人時,要看作單數,謂語用單數形式。 The dead was about thirty years of age.死者30歲左右。 (6)以-sh,-ch,和-ese等結尾的表示國家、民族的詞與 the 連用時表示復數含義,謂語動詞用復數形式。這類詞有the Chinese,the English,the British,the Spanish,the Russian,the Japanese,the Welsh(威爾士人)等。 The English are a little conservative. 英國人有點保守。 The Chinese are hard-working. 中國人勤勞。 3)謂語動詞可用單數或復數的情況 (1)分數、量詞作主語 ①“分數或百分數+名詞”構成的短語以及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,half of+名詞”構成的短語作主語時,其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數保持一致,這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。 This is because two thirds of the earth's surface is made up of vast oceans. 這是因為地球表面的三分之二是遼闊的海洋。 Two thirds of those tasks have been completed. 三分之二的任務已完成。 ②the rest(of...),the remaining,part(of...),one half(of...)等詞或短語作主語和它們所修飾的名詞或代詞作主語,其謂語動詞應根據主語所表達的單復數而定。 Ten of you go to plant trees and the rest remain at school. 你們當中十人去植樹,其余的留在學校。 Part of his story is not true. 他的故事部分不是真實的。 Part of the teachers in our school are from Shanghai. 我們學校老師中有一部分來自上海。 (2)特殊用法
①某些集體名詞,如family,team等作主語時,如果作
為一個整體看待,謂語動詞用單數形式,如果著眼于組
成該集體的一個個成員或個體時,謂語動詞用復數形式。
His family is a large one.
他家人口很多。
The whole family are watching TV.
全家人都在看電視。 這類名詞有:audience,class,club,committee,company,crew,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team,population等。 The population in China is very large,and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers. 中國人口很多,且百分之八十的人口是農民。 ②單、復數同形的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞應根據意義決定單復數,這類名詞有means,works,species等。 The glass works is near the railway station. 那家玻璃廠在火車站附近。 Some sheep are over there. 那兒有幾只羊。 ③在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。 Between the two windows hangs a picture. 兩個窗子之間掛著一幅畫。
④定語從句中的謂語動詞由先行詞的單復數而定,先行詞是單數,定語從句中的謂語動詞也用單數形式;先行詞是復數,定語從句中的謂語動詞用復數形式。 The Smiths who are now downstairs are asking to see you. 史密斯夫婦要見你,他們正在樓下。 The news that has been published in today's newspaper is not true.今天報紙上發(fā)布的資訊不是真的。 [注意] (1)在“one of+復數名詞+who/that/which”引導的從句結構中,關系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復數名詞而不是one。因此,從句中的動詞應該是復數形式。 This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.這是問過的最有趣的問題之一。 (2)但是當one之前有the only,the very或the等修飾語時,關系代詞的先行詞是one,而不是靠近它的復數名詞,因此從句的動詞用單數形式。 She was the only one of the students who was late for the meeting.她是惟一開會遲到的學生。 ⑥a number of,a group of 等修飾可數名詞復數時謂語一般也用復數,“the number of+名詞”作主語,謂語用單數。 A number of students were absent yesterday. 許多學生昨天缺席。 The number of pages in this book is nine hundred. 這本書的頁數是900。