中考英語之現(xiàn)在完成時剖析
中考英語之現(xiàn)在完成時剖析
1.基本概念：表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果；或表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。
2.基本構(gòu)成：助動詞have/has+過去分詞
過去分詞的變化規(guī)則：
規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞由動詞原形加ed構(gòu)成,不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞
見不規(guī)則動詞表（教師給學(xué)生復(fù)印）
3.中考考查范圍：
1）yet, already, just, before, never, ever, recently等表示時間的詞作時間狀語，表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果
天津中考：------What are you going to do this weekend?
-------I ____yet.
A.haven not decided B.will not decide C.have decided D.did not decide
2）since, for 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語，表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)
上海中考：The Oriental Pearl TV Tower________thousands of visitors since 1995.
A.attracted B.attracts C.has attracted D. Will attract
3）this morning, this week, today, now等時間狀語用在現(xiàn)在完成時中
河北中考：-----______Betty this morning?
----Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.
A.Have you seen B.Will you see C.Do you see D.Did you see
4）have/has been to 與have/has gone to 的用法區(qū)別
河南中考：Mike ______the bookshop .I have to wait for him.
A.went to B.was in C. Has been to D.has gone to
4.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：
現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時都表示過去的動作，但現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響、結(jié)果等；而一般過去時只表示過去的時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，就過去的時間方面講，只能與一般過去時連用，而不能與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。
Tom has been busy now.湯姆現(xiàn)在很忙。（過去的動作對現(xiàn)在有影響）
Tom was busy last week.湯姆上星期很忙。（過去的動作對現(xiàn)在沒有影響）
5.判斷正誤：
1）When have you got here?
When did you get here?
2) I have had bought the book two days ago.
I have had the book for two days.
3)I have just finished my homework.
I have finished my home work a moment ago.
4)Have you ever met an American before?
I have met an American last year.
瞬間性動詞（也可叫點動詞或不延續(xù)性動詞）表示的動作瞬間即可結(jié)束，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能與表示延續(xù)性的時間狀語連用。
5）I have left Wuhan for ten days.
I have been away from Wuhan for ten days.
It is (has been) ten days since I left Wuhan.
Two months has passed since we arrived here.
瞬間動詞--------延續(xù)性動詞：應(yīng)逐一記憶
become-----be begin to study----study borrow-----keep
break------be broken buy---have close----be closed
come---be here die-----be dead go-----be away
get up---be up have got-have join---be in
leave---be away lose----be lost marry---be married
open---be open
6. 能力拔高測試：
1)Where is Dick? He ________to the reading-room.
A.has been B.went C.has gone D.goes
2）How long______he______the dictionary?
A.has,borrowed B.has, kept C.has, lent D.is, using
3)He said he _______the league for two years.
A.has joined B.has been in C.had been in D.joined
4) Some flowers_______by Li Ming already.
A.have been watered B.watered C.have watered D.has been watered.
5)I didnt go to see the film last night because I ______it twice.
A.saw B.have seen C.had seen D.would see
6）He______from home for a long time.
A.has gone away B.had gong away C.Has left D.has been away
7)How long has this shop_________?
A.be open B.been open C.opened D.opens
中考英語之現(xiàn)在完成時剖析
1.基本概念：表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果；或表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。
2.基本構(gòu)成：助動詞have/has+過去分詞
過去分詞的變化規(guī)則：
規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞由動詞原形加ed構(gòu)成,不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞
見不規(guī)則動詞表（教師給學(xué)生復(fù)印）
3.中考考查范圍：
1）yet, already, just, before, never, ever, recently等表示時間的詞作時間狀語，表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果
天津中考：------What are you going to do this weekend?
-------I ____yet.
A.haven not decided B.will not decide C.have decided D.did not decide
2）since, for 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語，表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)
上海中考：The Oriental Pearl TV Tower________thousands of visitors since 1995.
A.attracted B.attracts C.has attracted D. Will attract
3）this morning, this week, today, now等時間狀語用在現(xiàn)在完成時中
河北中考：-----______Betty this morning?
----Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.
A.Have you seen B.Will you see C.Do you see D.Did you see
4）have/has been to 與have/has gone to 的用法區(qū)別
河南中考：Mike ______the bookshop .I have to wait for him.
A.went to B.was in C. Has been to D.has gone to
4.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：
現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時都表示過去的動作，但現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響、結(jié)果等；而一般過去時只表示過去的時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，就過去的時間方面講，只能與一般過去時連用，而不能與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。
Tom has been busy now.湯姆現(xiàn)在很忙。（過去的動作對現(xiàn)在有影響）
Tom was busy last week.湯姆上星期很忙。（過去的動作對現(xiàn)在沒有影響）
5.判斷正誤：
1）When have you got here?
When did you get here?
2) I have had bought the book two days ago.
I have had the book for two days.
3)I have just finished my homework.
I have finished my home work a moment ago.
4)Have you ever met an American before?
I have met an American last year.
瞬間性動詞（也可叫點動詞或不延續(xù)性動詞）表示的動作瞬間即可結(jié)束，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能與表示延續(xù)性的時間狀語連用。
5）I have left Wuhan for ten days.
I have been away from Wuhan for ten days.
It is (has been) ten days since I left Wuhan.
Two months has passed since we arrived here.
瞬間動詞--------延續(xù)性動詞：應(yīng)逐一記憶
become-----be begin to study----study borrow-----keep
break------be broken buy---have close----be closed
come---be here die-----be dead go-----be away
get up---be up have got-have join---be in
leave---be away lose----be lost marry---be married
open---be open
6. 能力拔高測試：
1)Where is Dick? He ________to the reading-room.
A.has been B.went C.has gone D.goes
2）How long______he______the dictionary?
A.has,borrowed B.has, kept C.has, lent D.is, using
3)He said he _______the league for two years.
A.has joined B.has been in C.had been in D.joined
4) Some flowers_______by Li Ming already.
A.have been watered B.watered C.have watered D.has been watered.
5)I didnt go to see the film last night because I ______it twice.
A.saw B.have seen C.had seen D.would see
6）He______from home for a long time.
A.has gone away B.had gong away C.Has left D.has been away
7)How long has this shop_________?
A.be open B.been open C.opened D.opens
