2023年職稱英語(yǔ)考試常用語(yǔ)法詳解之情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式
2023年職稱英語(yǔ)考試常用語(yǔ)法詳解:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式：
can / may / should / ought to / must / need等動(dòng)詞稱為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有三大特征：一是無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化，二是后面跟的動(dòng)詞不帶to，三是后面 + not構(gòu)成否定式，比較：
He neednt go there so early.
You do not need to be an expert to make this simple design.
在講解情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式前，先將一般式中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題提一下，以引起必要的重視。
1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般式中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：
注意以下用法的習(xí)慣與區(qū)別：
He must be a doctor.
否定：He cant be a doctor.
又如：They cant be working now.
May I go now?
回答：Yes, please. / Please dont.
have to 與 must
1) 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)外界原因時(shí)，2)當(dāng)與將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)合時(shí)，用have to，
例如醫(yī)學(xué)全在.線.提供, www.med126.com：
Since it is raining, we have to sty indoors.
You will have to hurry if you want to catch the 9:30 train.
3) 表示自然規(guī)律或必然結(jié)果，用must，
例如：
All men must die.
can 與be able to
can表示能力，但不一定做了或做成了;be able to 表示有能力并且做成了，相當(dāng)于succeed in doing, 例如：
The patient is able to walk now.
The patient can walk now.
Shall I / we? 表示征求對(duì)方意見; + shall表示允諾或警告，例如：
Shall I fetch a doctor for you?
You shall be sorry for what you have done.
Will you.? 表示請(qǐng)求， 例如：
Don be late for the meeting next time, will you?
比較：I would remind you that smoking is forbidden here.
neednt 的肯定式為must，例如：
You neednt see him, but I must.
cannot but + 原形動(dòng)詞， 例如：
I cannot but tell you the truth.
2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式：
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般式用于表達(dá)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況，而情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式則用來(lái)表達(dá)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，例如：你不應(yīng)該來(lái)得那么晚。這是對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情表示自己的看法：You shouldnt have come so late.
將常用、常考的幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式列表說(shuō)明如下：
It must have rained last night; the ground is wet.(昨晚準(zhǔn)是下雨了，地上濕漉漉的。)
The baby was cut badly; she shouldnt (oughtnt to) have let him play with the scissors. (孩子傷得很厲害;她不該讓他玩剪刀。)
She may have known the news; she is crying. (她可能已經(jīng)知道那個(gè)消息了;她在哭。)
You neednt have bought that dictionary; I have got a spare one. (你實(shí)際上沒有必要買那本字典;我有一本多余的。)
由于在沒有情景的情況下很難區(qū)分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般式和完成式，例如你不該去，究竟是You shouldnt go there. 還是 You shouldnt have gone there, 因此考試的時(shí)候往往會(huì)給出情景，這對(duì)判題非常重要，如上面表格例子中的the ground is wet，the baby was cut badly，she is crying, 都是題目所給的情景。
2023年職稱英語(yǔ)考試常用語(yǔ)法詳解:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式：
can / may / should / ought to / must / need等動(dòng)詞稱為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有三大特征：一是無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化，二是后面跟的動(dòng)詞不帶to，三是后面 + not構(gòu)成否定式，比較：
He neednt go there so early.
You do not need to be an expert to make this simple design.
在講解情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式前，先將一般式中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題提一下，以引起必要的重視。
1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般式中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：
注意以下用法的習(xí)慣與區(qū)別：
He must be a doctor.
否定：He cant be a doctor.
又如：They cant be working now.
May I go now?
回答：Yes, please. / Please dont.
have to 與 must
1) 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)外界原因時(shí)，2)當(dāng)與將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)合時(shí)，用have to，
例如醫(yī)學(xué)全在.線.提供, www.med126.com：
Since it is raining, we have to sty indoors.
You will have to hurry if you want to catch the 9:30 train.
3) 表示自然規(guī)律或必然結(jié)果，用must，
例如：
All men must die.
can 與be able to
can表示能力，但不一定做了或做成了;be able to 表示有能力并且做成了，相當(dāng)于succeed in doing, 例如：
The patient is able to walk now.
The patient can walk now.
Shall I / we? 表示征求對(duì)方意見; + shall表示允諾或警告，例如：
Shall I fetch a doctor for you?
You shall be sorry for what you have done.
Will you.? 表示請(qǐng)求， 例如：
Don be late for the meeting next time, will you?
比較：I would remind you that smoking is forbidden here.
neednt 的肯定式為must，例如：
You neednt see him, but I must.
cannot but + 原形動(dòng)詞， 例如：
I cannot but tell you the truth.
2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式：
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般式用于表達(dá)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況，而情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式則用來(lái)表達(dá)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，例如：你不應(yīng)該來(lái)得那么晚。這是對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情表示自己的看法：You shouldnt have come so late.
將常用、常考的幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式列表說(shuō)明如下：
It must have rained last night; the ground is wet.(昨晚準(zhǔn)是下雨了，地上濕漉漉的。)
The baby was cut badly; she shouldnt (oughtnt to) have let him play with the scissors. (孩子傷得很厲害;她不該讓他玩剪刀。)
She may have known the news; she is crying. (她可能已經(jīng)知道那個(gè)消息了;她在哭。)
You neednt have bought that dictionary; I have got a spare one. (你實(shí)際上沒有必要買那本字典;我有一本多余的。)
由于在沒有情景的情況下很難區(qū)分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般式和完成式，例如你不該去，究竟是You shouldnt go there. 還是 You shouldnt have gone there, 因此考試的時(shí)候往往會(huì)給出情景，這對(duì)判題非常重要，如上面表格例子中的the ground is wet，the baby was cut badly，she is crying, 都是題目所給的情景。
